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71.
With the past behind and the future ahead: Back-to-front representation of past and future sentences
Ulrich R Eikmeier V de la Vega I Ruiz Fernández S Alex-Ruf S Maienborn C 《Memory & cognition》2012,40(3):483-495
Several studies support the psychological reality of a mental timeline that runs from the left to the right and may strongly
affect our thinking about time. Ulrich and Maienborn (Cognition 117:126–138, 2010) examined the linguistic relevance of this timeline during the processing of past- and future-related sentences. Their results
indicate that the timeline is not activated automatically during sentence comprehension. While no explicit reference of temporal
expressions to the left–right axis has been attested (e.g., *the meeting was moved to the left), natural languages refer to the back–front axis in order to encode temporal information (e.g., the meeting was moved forward). Therefore, the present study examines whether a back–frontal timeline becomes automatically activated during the processing
of past- and future-related sentences. The results demonstrate a clear effect on reaction time that emerges from a time–space
association along the frontal timeline (Experiment 1). However, this activation seems to be nonautomatic (Experiment 2), rendering
it unlikely that this frontal timeline is involved in comprehension of the temporal content of sentences. 相似文献
72.
We tested whether the relationship between a team climate of support from the organization and team performance is mediated by positive team mood. Recent research has shown that this team climate facet is related to team performance, but we do not have any empirical evidence about the mechanisms involved in this relationship. The study sample was composed of 59 bank branches, and a longitudinal design with three data-collection points was implemented. The results showed that a team climate of support from the organization was positively related to positive team mood, which in turn was positively related to team members' ratings of team performance. 相似文献
73.
Bramão I Faísca L Forkstam C Inácio F Araújo S Petersson KM Reis A 《Brain and cognition》2012,78(1):28-37
In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to evaluate the contribution of surface color and color knowledge information in object identification. We constructed two color-object verification tasks - a surface and a knowledge verification task - using high color diagnostic objects; both typical and atypical color versions of the same object were presented. Continuous electroencephalogram was recorded from 26 subjects. A cluster randomization procedure was used to explore the differences between typical and atypical color objects in each task. In the color knowledge task, we found two significant clusters that were consistent with the N350 and late positive complex (LPC) effects. Atypical color objects elicited more negative ERPs compared to typical color objects. The color effect found in the N350 time window suggests that surface color is an important cue that facilitates the selection of a stored object representation from long-term memory. Moreover, the observed LPC effect suggests that surface color activates associated semantic knowledge about the object, including color knowledge representations. We did not find any significant differences between typical and atypical color objects in the surface color verification task, which indicates that there is little contribution of color knowledge to resolve the surface color verification. Our main results suggest that surface color is an important visual cue that triggers color knowledge, thereby facilitating object identification. 相似文献
74.
Villarejo C Fernández-Aranda F Jiménez-Murcia S Peñas-Lledó E Granero R Penelo E Tinahones FJ Sancho C Vilarrasa N Montserrat-Gil de Bernabé M Casanueva FF Fernández-Real JM Frühbeck G De la Torre R Treasure J Botella C Menchón JM 《European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association》2012,20(3):250-254
75.
Algarabel S Fuentes M Escudero J Pitarque A Peset V Mazón JF Meléndez JC 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2012,19(5):608-619
ABSTRACT There is no agreement on the pattern of recognition memory deficits characteristic of patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Whereas lower performance in recollection is the hallmark of MCI, there is a strong controversy about possible deficits in familiarity estimates when using recognition memory tasks. The aim of this research is to shed light on the pattern of responding in recollection and familiarity in MCI. Five groups of participants were tested. The main participant samples were those formed by two MCI groups differing in age and an Alzheimer's disease group (AD), which were compared with two control groups. Whereas one of the control groups served to assess the performance of the MCI and AD people, the other one, composed of young healthy participants, served the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of the experimental tasks used in the evaluation of the different components of recognition memory. We used an associative recognition task as a direct index of recollection and a choice task on a pair of stimuli, one of which was perceptually similar to those studied in the associative recognition phase, as an index of familiarity. Our results indicate that recollection decreases with age and neurological status, and familiarity remains stable in the elderly control sample but it is deficient in MCI. This research shows that a unique encoding situation generated deficits in recollective and familiarity mechanisms in mild cognitive impaired individuals, providing evidence for the existence of deficits in both retrieval processes in recognition memory in a MCI stage. 相似文献
76.
José M. Peiró Vicente González-Romá Nuria Tordera Miguel A. Mañas 《Psychology & health》2013,28(5):511-525
Abstract The main objective of this study is to test the effects over time of three role stress variables (role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload) on the three burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment). Based on theoretical models on burnout and on meta-analytical research, it is hypothesized that the three role stress variables will predict changes over time in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, but not in personal accomplishment. The results obtained by means of hierarchical regression analysis partially support the hypothesis. The three role stress variables predict emotional exhaustion over time. Role conflict and role overload predict depersonalization over time. Finally, contrary to expectations, role ambiguity predicts personal accomplishment over time. 相似文献
77.
Susana López Ornat 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(18):27-42
ResumenPresento un trabajo de réplica, sobre el desarrollo del razonamiento metalingüistico («porqué» y «porqué-no» de palabras y expresiones) previamente realizado en España, sobre los sufijos de género en lengua castellana.Los sujetos fueron 26 niños mayas, habitantes del estado mejicano de Quintana Roo, junto a la frontera de Guatemala. Estos niños de entre 5 y 13 años, eran monolingües de mejicano (español), aunque procedían de familias bilingües mayamejicano. Nuestras predicciones, sobre la base del modelo de adquisición que presentamos, fueron que no encontraríamos un tratamiento metalingüístico de los problemas planteados antes de los 13 años. Hipotetizamos también el tipo de errores evolutivos que cabía esperar: en el grupo de los menores la interpretación del género como una característica del lenguaje en correspondencia directa con características de la realidad. En el grupo de los mayores comenzaría a aparecer, aún minoritariamente, la comprensión de esta propiedad lingüística como algo arbitrariamente relacionado con propiedades de los objetos reales: el modo de comprensión formal o metalingüístico.Establecemos después la relación entre resultados de este trabajo y el realizado con niños españoles. Por último, consideramos la significación teórica que estos resultados pueden tener dentro de nuestro modelo de adquisición de la comprensión del lenguaje y también estudiamos el significado del término «contexto». 相似文献
78.
Carolina Moliner Vicente Martínez-Tur José Ramos Russell Cropanzano 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(3):327-348
The purpose of this article is to propose and test a model of extrarole customer service (ERCS). We propose that organizational justice (distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) promotes well-being at work (low burnout and high engagement). Well-being at work, in turn, engenders more effective ERCS. Thus, well-being at work is considered a mediator of the relationships from organizational justice to ERCS. This fully mediated model was compared to an alternative fully direct model. The sample consisted of 317 contact employees who were working in the Spanish service sector. The results of structural equation modelling supported the importance of the mediating role of the positive side of well-being at work (engagement) in the relationship between organizational justice and ERCS. The article concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications. 相似文献
79.
80.
Sheila de Melo Borges Márcia Radanovic Orestes Vicente Forlenza 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(5):378-385
ABSTRACT. Motor disorders may occur in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and at early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly under divided attention conditions. We examined functional mobility in 104 older adults (42 with MCI, 26 with mild AD, and 36 cognitively healthy) using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) under 4 experimental conditions: TUG single task, TUG plus a cognitive task, TUG plus a manual task, and TUG plus a cognitive and a manual task. Statistically significant differences in mean time of execution were found in all four experimental conditions when comparing MCI and controls (p < .001), and when comparing MCI and AD patients (p < .05). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed that all four testing conditions could differentiate the three groups (area under the curve > .8, p < .001 for MCI vs. controls; area under the curve > .7, p < .001 for MCI vs. AD). The authors conclude that functional motor deficits occurring in MCI can be assessed by the TUG test, in single or dual task modality. 相似文献