Correlation between functional mobility and cognitive performance in older adults with cognitive impairment

Association between cognitive impairment and gait performance occurs in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer‘s disease (AD), particularly under “divided attention” conditions, leading to a greater risk of falls. We studied 36 controls, 42 MCI, and 26 mild AD patients, using the Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG) under four conditions: TUG single – TUG1; TUG cognitive – TUG2; TUG manual –TUG3; TUG cognitive and manual – TUG4. Cognition was assessed using the MMSE, SKT, Exit25, and TMT (A and B). We found significant correlations between cognitive scores and TUG2 [r values (MMSE: –0.383, TMT-A: 0.430, TMT-B: 0.386, Exit25: 0.455, SKT: 0.563)] and TUG4 [(MMSE: –0.398, TMT-A: 0.384, TMT-B: 0.352,Exit25: 0.466, SKT: 0.525)] in the AD group, and between all TUG modalities and SKT in MCI and AD. Our results revealed that functional mobility impairment in cognitive dual tasks correlated to cognitive decline in AD patients and to attention and memory impairment in MCI.     

Nonparametric tests for equality of psychometric functions

Many empirical studies measure psychometric functions (curves describing how observers’ performance varies with stimulus magnitude) because these functions capture the effects of experimental conditions. To assess these effects, parametric curves are often fitted to the data and comparisons are carried out by testing for equality of mean parameter estimates across conditions. This approach is parametric and, thus, vulnerable to violations of the implied assumptions. Furthermore, testing for equality of means of parameters may be misleading: Psychometric functions may vary meaningfully across conditions on an observer-by-observer basis with no effect on the mean values of the estimated parameters. Alternative approaches to assess equality of psychometric functions per se are thus needed. This paper compares three nonparametric tests that are applicable in all situations of interest: The existing generalized Mantel–Haenszel test, a generalization of the Berry–Mielke test that was developed here, and a split variant of the generalized Mantel–Haenszel test also developed here. Their statistical properties (accuracy and power) are studied via simulation and the results show that all tests are indistinguishable as to accuracy but they differ non-uniformly as to power. Empirical use of the tests is illustrated via analyses of published data sets and practical recommendations are given. The computer code in matlab and R to conduct these tests is available as Electronic Supplemental Material.     

Personality and coping in neuropathic chronic pain: a predictable divorce

We approach the problem about relationships between personality dimensions and the use of coping strategies in chronic pain patients. The most frequently used theoretical model in the area of stress and its relation to pain is the transactional model, taking into account that the incorporation of personality traits improves predictions via coping in the stress process. Following the Big Five model, the relationships between personality and coping strategies in patients with chronical neuropathic pain were established. The results showed slight relationships between the Big-Five dimensions and coping. A vulnerable personality profile in patients with chronic neuropathic pain was obtained, consisting of high neuroticism, low extraversion, openness to experience and responsibility, and moderate agreeableness.     

Linking Situational Constraints to Customer Satisfaction in a Service Environment

Cet article examine les rapports entre la satisfaction de la clientèle et les contraintes relevant des situations techniques et sociales. A cette fin, une enquête de terrain fut réalisée auprès d'un échantillon de 57 managers et 835 clients d'organisations de service. On a recensé les contraintes sociales et techniques vécues par les managers. La satisfaction des clients a également été mesurée avec plusieurs aspects des services. En général, l'absence de situation contraignante dans les organisations de service était en relation positive avec la satisfaction de la clientèle. Les résultats montrent aussi que la seule contribution des contraintes techniques à la satisfaction des clients était supérieure à celle des contraintes sociales. Nous signalons des implications managériales et des orientations pour les futures recherches portant sur les relations entre les contraintes et la satisfaction des clients.
This paper aims to test the links of social and technical situational constraints to customer satisfaction with services. To this end, a field survey study was conducted using a sample of 57 managers and 835 customers of service organisations. We studied social and technical constraints perceived by managers. Customer satisfaction with several service attributes was also measured. In general, a lack of situational constraints in service organisations was positively associated with customer satisfaction. The results also showed that the unique contribution of technical constraints to customer satisfaction was greater than that of social constraints. We point out managerial implications and future directions for research on constraints–customer satisfaction relationships.     

Asertividad: definiciones y dimensiones

Resumen

En este artículo se revisan diferentes definiciones y dimensiones que se ban dado sobre la asertividad, así como también se bosquejan las raíces de este concepto y la tendencia actual que existe entre los profesionales para usar otras expresiones en sustitución del término «asertividad». No hay ninguna definición que baya sido universalmente aceptada, ni un grupo de dimensiones que se hayan establecido definitivamente. Se revisan una serie de características que diferentes autores atribuyen al individuo asertivo y, finalmente se especifican unos elementos que son comunes a la mayoría de las definiciones de la conducta asertiva.     

Grey wolves (Canis lupus) discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar human voices

Animal Cognition - The ability to discriminate between different individuals based on identity cues, which is important to support the social behaviour of many animal species, has mostly been...