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91.
The role of Erlebnistypus personality features were investigated in 40 healthy subjects, as defined by the Rorschach Comprehensive System by Exner, in determining accuracy in recollecting acute tonic experimental pain, induced by the Cold Water Pressor Test. Multiple-regression analysis revealed that the difference between the number of movement answers and the number of chromatic answers in the Rorschach test, an index of general Extroversion, predicted accuracy in recollecting the qualitative features of pain, defined as affective and evaluative pain scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Also, Extratensive subjects were less accurate than Introversive and Ambitent participants at recollecting sensory scores. The data suggest that general extroversion may have a role in individual differences in the higher cognitive processing of pain comprising pain memory. 相似文献
92.
Stefano Predelli 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2010,39(1):5-21
In this essay, I propose an analysis of Quine’s example ’Giorgione was so-called because of his size’, grounded on the idea
of an obstinate demonstrative. In the first sections, I discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the demonstrative and logophoric
treatments of ‘so called’, I highlight certain parallelisms with Davidson’s paratactic view of quotation, and I introduce
independent considerations in favor of the idea of an obstinate demonstrative. In the second half of my essay, I apply this
notion to Quine’s example, and I discuss its consequences with respect to the principle of substitutivity of coreferential
singular terms. 相似文献
93.
Rebecca W. Hamilton Stefano Puntoni Nader T. Tavassoli 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2010
Categorization is a core psychological process that is central to decision making. While a substantial amount of research has been conducted to examine individual categorization behavior, little is known about how the outputs of individual and group categorization may differ. Four experiments demonstrate that group categorization differs systematically from individual categorization in the structural dimension of category breadth: categorizing the same set of items, groups tend to create a larger number of smaller categories than individuals. This effect of social context is a function of both taskwork and teamwork. In terms of taskwork, groups’ greater available knowledge mediates differences in category breadth between individuals and groups by increasing utilized knowledge (study 2). In terms of teamwork, task conflict moderates the effect of social context on category breadth (study 3). Moreover, the experience of categorizing individually or in a group influences individuals’ subsequent judgments (study 4). 相似文献
94.
Obedience has been thoroughly studied in social psychology, both in its positive and negative aspects. Nevertheless, in these empirical studies disobedience has been considered to be the opposite of obedience and indeed its negation. Instead, some recent studies suggest that if obedience to authority is important in ensuring the continuity of social and group life, disobedience is crucial, under some circumstances, in stopping the authority relationship from degenerating into an authoritarian relationship. In this perspective, disobedience may be conceived of as a protest undermining the legitimacy of authority, or else it can represent an instrument of the community for controlling the legitimacy of the authority's demands, becoming a factor safeguarding against authoritarianism. The aim of the present study was to empirically verify the dynamics existing between disobedience and obedience. The results show that people who attach importance to both obedience and disobedience in the relationship between the individual and society recognize the importance of democratic values and consider themselves responsible for the defence of human rights. Instead, people who only recognize the value of obedience and consider disobedience as a threat to the status quo are more authoritarian, individualistic people. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
96.
The comprehension of non-literal language was investigated in 20 probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD) patients by comparing their performance to that of 20 matched control subjects. pAD patients were unimpaired in the comprehension of conventional metaphors and idioms. However, their performance was significantly lower in the case of non-conventional (novel) metaphor comprehension. This ability was not related to global cognitive deterioration or to deficits in the cognitive domains of attention, memory and language comprehension. On the other hand, the impairment in verbal reasoning appeared to be relevant for both novel and conventional metaphor comprehension. The relationship between novel metaphor comprehension and performance in the visual-spatial planning task of the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) suggests that executive impairment, possibly related to prefrontal dysfunction, may be responsible for the pAD patients' poor performance in novel metaphor comprehension. The present findings suggest a role of the prefrontal cortex in novel metaphor comprehension. 相似文献
97.
98.
Stefano Predelli 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2008,37(3):277-297
This paper argues in favor of a treatment of discourse about fiction in terms of operators on character, that is, Kaplanesque
‘monsters’. The first three sections criticize the traditional analysis of ‘according to the fiction’ as an intensional operator,
and the approach to fictional discourse grounded on the notion of contextual shifts. The final sections explain how an analysis
in terms of monsters yields the correct readings for a variety of examples involving modal and temporal indexicals. 相似文献
99.
Stefano Bertea 《Argumentation》2004,18(4):465-478
This paper defends a position that parts ways with the positivist view of legal certainty and reasonableness. I start out with a reconstruction of this view and move on to argue that an adequate analysis of certainty and reasonableness calls for an alternative approach, one based on the acknowledgement that argumentation is key to determining the contents, structure, and boundaries of a legal system. Here I claim that by endorsing a dialectical notion of rationality this alternative account espouses an ambitious approach to reasoning in law and conceives of the theory of legal argumentation as the vantage point from which to analyze legal systems and tackle the main problems connected with their existence. Next, I look at what this alternative approach does for the way we should go about treating certainty and reasonableness, considered singularly as well as in their reciprocal relationship. I conclude on this basis that when argumentation receives its due emphasis in law we have to redefine certainty and reasonableness and recast their connection as non-conflictive. 相似文献
100.
In plants, numerous parameters of both biotic and abiotic environments are continuously monitored. Specialized cells are evolutionary-optimized
for effective translation of sensory input into developmental and motoric output. Importantly, diverse physical forces, influences,
and insults induce immediate electric responses in plants. Recent advances in plant cell biology, molecular biology, and sensory
ecology will be discussed in the framework of recently initiated new discipline of plant sciences, namely plant neurobiology. 相似文献