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971.
Martin Johnson 《Political psychology》2004,25(5):679-702
Political scientists have increasingly found that the time respondents require to answer survey questions is a useful measure of the strength of political attitudes. However, questions remain about the collection, use, and interpretation of response time data— particularly latencies collected during telephone interviews, far removed from the controlled environment of a laboratory setting. This paper uses a theoretical model of question response to decompose survey response time data into three hypothesized elements—components of response time attributable to baseline individual differences, systematic question effects, and the accessibility of the attitudes being targeted. These findings have implications for the study of political attitudes and other mental constructs, as well as practical implications for public opinion survey researchers using response time data. 相似文献
972.
973.
To explore questions of how human infants begin to perceive partly occluded objects, we devised two connectionist models of perceptual development. The models were endowed with an existing ability to detect several kinds of visual information that have been found important in infants’ and adults’ perception of object unity (motion, co‐motion, common motion, relatability, parallelism, texture and T‐junctions). They were then presented with stimuli consisting of either one or two objects and an occluding screen. The models’ task was to determine whether the object or objects were joined when such a percept was ambiguous, after specified amounts of training with events in which a subset of possible visual information was provided. The model that was trained in an enriched environment achieved superior levels of performance and was able to generalize veridical percepts to a wide range of novel stimuli. Implications for perceptual development in humans, current theories of development and origins of knowledge are discussed. 相似文献
974.
J. Peters Ronald S. Yacoubian George Elizabeth R. Baumler Michael W. Ross Regina J. Johnson 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2002,22(2):50-60
The identification of jurisdictional drug use patterns is critical to counselors who address substance abuse proactively. In the current study, heroin use data were analyzed from adult arrestees who were surveyed between 1990 and 1997 through the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring program. 相似文献
975.
Patrick Johnson 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2002,24(2):371-384
This study assessed the effects of various predictor variables on dimensions of functioning within alcoholic families. Participants were 173 college student volunteers from alcoholic families who completed a measure of family functioning, demographic questions, and questions related to experiences in their families of origin. Child abuse, spousal violence, parental divorce, length of time living with an alcoholic parent, parental marital status, and parental availability and predictability significantly affected family functioning, whereas frequency of parental drinking did not. Results suggest that quality of parental interactions with children is more important for functioning in alcoholic families than frequency of parental drinking. 相似文献
976.
Mona L. Johnson Tamara L. Wall Carmen Guanipa Linda Terry‐Guyer Roberto J. Velasquez 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2002,30(3):181-191
Reliability (internal consistency and test‐retest) and validity (construct and factorial) of the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale (OCIS; E. R. Oetting & F. Beauvais, 1990–1991) were evaluated in a sample of Asian American university students. Ethnic identification, measured using the OCIS, and acculturation, measured using the Suinn‐Lew Asian Self‐Identity Acculturation Scale (R. M. Suinn, K. Rickard‐Fugueroa, S. Lew, & P. Vigil, 1987), are hypothesized to measure related but separate constructs. Análisis de fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal), y de validez (conceptual y factorial) de la Escala Ortagonal de Identificación Cultural (OCIS; E. R. Oetting & F. Beauvais, 1990–1991) fueron evaluados en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios Asiáticos Americanos. La identificación étnica fue medida usando la OCIS, y la aculturación fue medida usando la Escala de Identidad de Ser y Aculturación Asiática de Suinn‐Lew (R. M. Suinn, K. Rickard‐Figueroa, S. Lew, & P. Vigil, 1987). Se presenta la hipótesis que la identificación étnica y la aculturación miden conceptos separados que estan relacionados. 相似文献
977.
Sidne A. Buelow William J. Lyddon James T. Johnson 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2002,15(2):145-152
Relationships among perceptions of early parental bonding experiences, current adult attachment to significant others, and coping resources were examined in a sample of 100 adult clients seeking services through a university counselling clinic. Results of a canonical analysis indicated that secure adult attachment, higher parental care, and lower parental overprotection were significantly associated with higher coping resources. The significance of these findings for understanding the role of attachment in emotional self-regulation is discussed. 相似文献
978.
Bärbel Knäuper Michelle Roseman Philip J. Johnson Lillian H. Krantz 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(3):181-186
Past research shows that forming implementation intentions increases the probability of carrying out goals. The present research
proposes that mental imagery can strengthen the effects of implementation intentions on goal achievement. Participants were
assigned a mundane goal and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: implementation intentions only or implementation
intentions plus mental imagery. Results support the hypothesis that using mental imagery when forming implementation intentions
leads to higher rates of goal achievement. 相似文献
979.
Connie E. Morrow Veronica H. Accornero Lihua Xue Sudha Manjunath Jan L. Culbertson James C. Anthony Emmalee S. Bandstra 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):356-364
We estimated childhood risk of developing selected DSM-IV Disorders, including Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), in children with prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE).
Children were enrolled prospectively at birth (n = 476) with prenatal drug exposures documented by maternal interview, urine and meconium assays. Study participants included
400 African-American children from the birth cohort, 208 cocaine-exposed (CE) and 192 non-cocaine-exposed (NCE), who attended
a 5-year follow-up assessment and whose caregiver completed the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Under
a generalized linear model (logistic link), Fisher’s exact methods were used to estimate the PCE-associated relative risk
(RR) of these disorders. Our results indicated a modest but statistically robust elevation of ADHD risk associated with increasing
levels of PCE (p < 0.05). Binary comparison of CE versus NCE children indicated no PCE-associated RR. Estimated cumulative incidence proportions
among CE children were 2.9% for ADHD (vs 3.1% NCE); 1.4% for SAD (vs 1.6% NCE); and 4.3% for ODD (vs 6.8% NCE). Our findings
suggest evidence of increased risk of ADHD (but not ODD or SAD) in relation to an increasing gradient of PCE during gestation. 相似文献
980.
Masked repetition priming is often greater when a larger proportion of trials involve repetition primes, suggesting that a
context-sensitive unconscious process may be operating. Two recent studies have failed to obtain an effect of prime proportion
in the perceptual identification (PI) task, suggesting that the effect may not occur in nonspeeded tasks. Contrary to this
possibility, we report proportion effects with masked repetition primes in two nonspeeded tasks: PI and fragment completion
(FC). A proportion effect occurred in the accuracy measure only in the FC task, but it occurred in the reaction time measure
in both tasks. Prior failures to find proportion effects in the PI task thus may have been due, in part, to the dependent
measure used. We interpret our findings in light of several recent accounts of prime proportion effects with brief primes. 相似文献