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71.
Verena D. Schmittmann Conor V. Dolan Maartje E. J. Raijmakers William H. Batchelder 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(3):836-846
Multinomial processing tree models form a popular class of statistical models for categorical data that have applications
in various areas of psychological research. As in all statistical models, establishing which parameters are identified is
necessary for model inference and selection on the basis of the likelihood function, and for the interpretation of the results.
The required calculations to establish global identification can become intractable in complex models. We show how to establish
local identification in multinomial processing tree models, based on formal methods independently proposed by Catchpole and
Morgan (1997) and by Bekker, Merckens, and Wansbeek (1994). This approach is illustrated with multinomial processing tree
models for the source-monitoring paradigm in memory research. 相似文献
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74.
Verena C. Seibold 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2018,80(2):402-425
Previous research has shown that the presentation of an auditory alerting signal before a visual target increases the interference from flanking distractors. Recently, it has been suggested that this increase in interference may be due to an expansion of the spatial focus of attention. In five experiments, this hypothesis was tested by using a probe technique dedicated to measuring variations in the size of the attentional focus: In the majority of trials, participants performed a letter discrimination task in which their attention was focused on a central target letter. In a randomly intermixed probe task, the size of the attentional focus was measured by letting participants respond to a probe occurring at varying positions. In all experiments, reaction time (RT) to the probe increased from the most central to more lateral probe positions. This V-shaped probe-RT function, however, was not flattened by the presentation of an alerting signal. Overall, this pattern of results is inconsistent with the hypothesis that alerting signals increase the attentional focus. Instead, it is consistent with nonspatial accounts that attribute the increase in interference to an alerting effect on perceptual processing, which then leads to a detrimental effect at the level of response selection. 相似文献
75.
Verena Erlenbusch 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》2018,33(2):307-324
The question of diversity, both with regard to the demographic profile of philosophers as well as the content of philosophical inquiry, has received much attention in recent years. One figure that has gone relatively unnoticed is that of the foreigner. To the extent that philosophers have taken the foreigner as their object of inquiry, they have focused largely on challenges nonnative speakers of English face in a profession conducted predominantly in English. Yet an understanding of the foreigner in terms of the nonnative speaker does not exhaust the conceptual space of the foreigner. This article provides a more nuanced conceptual apparatus that allows for a more precise identification and discussion of other ways in which one can be a foreigner in philosophy. I develop a taxonomy of different conceptions of the foreigner, namely the linguistic, material, cultural, and epistemic foreigner; I discuss the different and specific challenges they face; and I show how foreigners enrich philosophical practice. 相似文献
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77.
Kast V 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2011,56(3):315-319
Following an attempt to connect the theory of archetypes with the theory of primal phantasies, the commentary refers to how moments of complexity may be differentiated in terms of 'now moments' and concludes with an amplification of the 'black woman' in Melanie's dream related to a black woman in an important Austrian fairy tale. 相似文献
78.
Recent studies showed that temporal preparation, i.e., the ability to prepare for an upcoming stimulus, improves perceptual processing. The mechanisms underlying this benefit are still controversial. Based upon the theoretical framework of accumulation models, it has been proposed that the accumulation of sensory stimulus information begins earlier when participants are temporally prepared than when they are unprepared. Alternatively, however, temporal preparation might also affect the accumulation rate of sensory information. In the present study, we examined these possibilities. Specifically, in three experiments, we manipulated participants' decision criterion. This manipulation should interact with any experimental manipulation affecting the rate of information processing, but produce additive effects with any manipulation affecting the onset of information accumulation rather than its rate. We obtained additive effects on RT, irrespective of whether the decision criterion was manipulated by increasing catch trial proportion or nogo trial proportion. These results suggest that temporal preparation improves perceptual processing by operating on the onset of sensory information accumulation rather than the rate of sensory information accumulation. 相似文献
79.
Verena Graupmann Eva Jonas Ester Meier Stefan Hawelka Markus Aichhorn 《European journal of social psychology》2012,42(2):164-173
We investigated the assumption that independent versus interdependent self‐construals yield different manifestations of psychological reactance in different group contexts. We expected collectivists (interdependent) to value the collective freedom of an ingroup more in face of an outgroup threat than individualists (independent) who should be protective of their individual freedom especially within an ingroup. In Study 1, we showed that collectivists (Taiwanese students) did not show reactance when a threat to their freedom of choice originated in the ingroup, but they did show reactance when it originated in an outgroup. In Study 2, Austrian students showed more reactance the more interdependent their self‐construal was when confronted with an outgroup restriction. However, the more independent Austrian students' self‐construal was, the more reactance they showed when the threat came from the ingroup. Priming an independent (versus interdependent) self‐construal in Study 3, we again observed more reactance when freedom was restricted by the ingroup. The findings underline the importance of understanding psychological reactance as a socially situated phenomenon. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
80.
Verena Klusmann Andrea Evers Ralf Schwarzer Isabella Heuser 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2012,13(2):236-242