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41.
Verena Willenbockel Javid Sadr Daniel Fiset Greg O. Horne Frédéric Gosselin James W. Tanaka 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(3):671-684
Visual perception can be influenced by top-down processes related to the observer’s goals and expectations, as well as by
bottom-up processes related to low-level stimulus attributes, such as luminance, contrast, and spatial frequency. When using
different physical stimuli across psychological conditions, one faces the problem of disentangling the contributions of low-
and high-level factors. Here, we make available the SHINE (spectrum, histogram, and intensity normalization and equalization)
toolbox for MATLAB, which we have found useful for controlling a number of image properties separately or simultaneously.
The toolbox features functions for specifying the (rotational average of the) Fourier amplitude spectra, for normalizing and
scaling mean luminance and contrast, and for exact histogram specification optimized for perceptual visual quality. SHINE
can thus be employed for parametrically modifying a number of image properties or for equating them across stimuli to minimize
potential low-level confounds in studies on higher level processes. 相似文献
42.
43.
Pitum Sonja Verena Konrad Norbert 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2008,2(4):249-254
Studies suggest a complex relationship between schizophrenia and sexually offensive behaviour. This study aimed to preserve first findings of sex offence features and behaviours exhibited by psychotic men in Germany. Furthermore a typology of the schizophrenic offender group was developed. A comparative trial design was used to differentiate the psychotic and non psychotic offender group. A checklist was developed and applied to the records of 64 male restricted hospital order in-patients in Berlin with an index conviction for a contact sex offence against a woman. Social isolation, antisocial behaviour, psychosexual variables and adverse childhood experiences are found for schizophrenic and sexual offenders in general. Different sexual offensive behaviours appeared in the schizophrenic subgroups. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as antisocial traits had a great impact on schizophrenic sexual offending. A heterogeneous group of psychotic offenders can be supposed. 相似文献
44.
Peter M. Gollwitzer Paschal Sheeran Verena Michalski Andrea E. Seifert 《Psychological science》2009,20(5):612-618
ABSTRACT— Based on Lewinian goal theory in general and self-completion theory in particular, four experiments examined the implications of other people taking notice of one's identity-related behavioral intentions (e.g., the intention to read law periodicals regularly to reach the identity goal of becoming a lawyer). Identity-related behavioral intentions that had been noticed by other people were translated into action less intensively than those that had been ignored (Studies 1–3). This effect was evident in the field (persistent striving over 1 week's time; Study 1 ) and in the laboratory (jumping on opportunities to act; Studies 2 and 3), and it held among participants with strong but not weak commitment to the identity goal ( Study 3 ). Study 4 showed, in addition, that when other people take notice of an individual's identity-related behavioral intention, this gives the individual a premature sense of possessing the aspired-to identity. 相似文献
45.
Verena Boxberg Dr. Christiane Bosold 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2009,3(3):237-243
Social competence is viewed as a decisive protective factor in avoiding delinquent behaviour. The encouragement of social competence is therefore an essential content of juvenile offender treatment. The central issue this paper addresses is whether the participation in social competence trainings in youth correctional facilities prevents recidivism and is conductive to social reintegration after release. This study uses longitudinal data of 218 males aged 15 to 24 years in youth correctional facilities. A control group was established by Propensity Score Matching which was compared with 109 former participants of social competence training. The results of the analyses put the relevancy of the social competence training for the future life of the juveniles in perspective. 相似文献
46.
Verena Aebischer Miles Hewstone Monika Henderson 《European journal of social psychology》1984,14(1):23-33
Studied the effect of social categorization, strength of influence and predisposition to influence on social influence concerning musical preferences. One-hundred and sixty-eight French adolescents (age 15 years) were assigned to the eight conditions of a 2 (social categorization: majority/minority) × 2 (strength of influence: strong/weak) × 2 (predisposition to influence: pervious/impervious) design. Influence source was an opinion poll based on pupils from two types of secondary school. Direct influence was exerted from ‘hard-rock’ to ‘new wave’ music; indirect influence was measured by subjects' preferences for hard-rock versus ‘contemporary’ music. Ratings of the source were also elicited. Analyses of variance revealed indirect influence to be significantly greater with the minority than the majority source (p < 0.02). Indirect influence was especially high for subjects with a clear predisposition to influence and when the influence was weak (p < 0.0005). Further analyses confirmed the effect to be due to the actual numbers of subjects influenced. The study thus demonstrated the generalizability of the ‘conversion’ notion (minority influence on an indirect level) from numerical to social minorities. 相似文献
47.
According to Bickle, certain empirical results demonstrate that the bottom-up reduction of phychological concepts to the concepts
of neuroscience has already been accomplished. I argue that this conclusion is hasty. Bickle claims that all high-level investigations
depend on a mistake. I argue that this overstates the explanatory character of neuroscientific findings. Bickle's assessment
is highly optimistic, but he is far from making a decisive argument. Those who wait for a full-blown reductionism will have
to wait a little longer. 相似文献
48.
Brett Silverstein Joanne Clauson Lauren Perdue Shari Carpman Verena Cimarolli 《Journal of applied social psychology》1998,28(6):537-549
This study related female college students' ( n = 377) reports of symptomatology to their reports of parental attitudes suggesting limitations inherent in being female. Young women completed a scale measuring their perceptions that their fathers would have been prouder of them if they were male, and a scale measuring their distress over the limitations experienced by their mothers. Respondents who scored high on either scale exhibited much higher prevalence than other respondents of self-reported depression accompanied by anxiety, somatic symptoms including headaches, insomnia, dyspnea, fatigue, disordered eating, and poor body image/preference for thinness (labeled anxious somatic depression ). Compared to men ( n = 191), women exhibited much higher prevalence of anxious somatic depression, but not higher prevalence of depression unaccompanied by the other symptoms. 相似文献
49.
Kersken Verena Gómez Juan-Carlos Liszkowski Ulf Soldati Adrian Hobaiter Catherine 《Animal cognition》2019,22(4):577-595
Animal Cognition - When we compare human gestures to those of other apes, it looks at first like there is nothing much to compare at all. In adult humans, gestures are thought to be a window into... 相似文献
50.
Klein V Yoon D Briken P Turner D Spehr A Rettenberger M 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2012,30(2):181-195
The present study examines the relationship between risk and protective factors among young alleged sexual offenders (N = 66) in pre-trial and pre-treatment settings. For risk assessment purposes, the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Young Sexual Offenders' Risk (STAYSOR), the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), and the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF) were used. Psychopathological indicators measured with the Basis Raads Onderzoek (BARO) and the German adaption of the Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Screening Inventory (RAASI) were used to examine the relationship between the risk assessment scales and instruments measuring risk-relevant psychopathological constructs. Risk and protective factors were significantly negatively correlated. Psychopathological measures were positively correlated with risk factors and negatively with protective factors. Although further studies on the predictive validity of the instruments are needed, the results of the present explorative pilot study indicate that the use of all five instruments may be clinically meaningful for the assessment of young persons who are at risk of sexual offending. 相似文献