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761.
The current study was designed to examine the effect of exposure to muscular ideal bodies on body satisfaction in men. College men (N= 104) at a medium-sized mid-south university completed the Body Assessment (BA)scale, which measures body satisfaction, before and after exposure to either muscular or nonmuscular advertisements. BA scores were examined using a repeated measures (pre and post) ANOVA with muscularity of image (view images of muscular men vs. view images ofaverage men) as the between-participants factor. Results indicated that men’s self-rated body satisfaction decreased after viewing images of muscular men but did not change after viewing images of average men. Thus, it appears that men’s body satisfaction may be influenced by exposure to brief images of muscular models. These results are congruent with results of previous investigations of the effects of viewing images of thin models on women’s body satisfaction. 相似文献
762.
Frederick Bonato Joseph Cataliotti 《Behavior research methods, instruments & computers》2004,36(1):77-82
Lightness, the perceived gray shade of a surface, and the perception of self-luminous surfaces--that is, surfaces that appear to glow--have most often been studied with paper displays and computer-generated stimuli presented on CRT monitors. Although both methods are often effective, experiments that require a wide range of luminance values in the same display are often difficult to conduct with paper and computer displays alone. Also, color mode appearance is often an issue when surface color perception is the topic of research; CRT monitors are essentially light sources themselves and often appear in the luminous mode of color appearance. Here, we describe an apparatus in which the target is an undetected aperture whose luminance is adjustable. Whereas a typical CRT monitor offers a luminance range of about 100:1, much broader luminance ranges are possible with the described apparatus. Unlike a CRT monitor, the stimulus background will always appear in the surface mode of color perception, and the target(s) can appear as either surface colors or luminous colors. Apparatus modifications are possible, including the addition of a stereoscope or an embedded CRT for creating an adjustable region that is computer controlled. 相似文献
763.
764.
Frederick Aardema Kevin D. Wu Yves Careau Kieron O’Connor Dominic Julien Susan Dennie 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):448-462
The current study represents the further development and validation of an expanded version of the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire
(ICQ-EV) in non-clinical and clinical samples. Inferential confusion seems to be particularly relevant to Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder (OCD) and is defined as a failure to recognize the unrealistic nature of obsessions due to a subjective form of reasoning.
Factor analysis of the item-set of the ICQ-EV indicated a one-dimensional solution in non-clinical and clinical samples. It
was hypothesized that inferential confusion as measured by the ICQ-EV would be particularly relevant to participants with
OCD. Results confirmed convergent validity with strong relationships between the ICQ-EV and obsessive-compulsive symptoms
in all samples independent of other cognitive domains and general distress. In addition, those with OCD scored higher on the
ICQ-EV than non-clinical controls and a mixed anxiety disorder group so confirming group-criterion validity. Finally, the
ICQ-EV also showed clinical validity with change in ICQ-EV scores during treatment significantly related to successful treatment
outcome. 相似文献
765.
We agree with Josipovic that a fundamental differentiating feature of meditation techniques is whether they remain within the dualistic subject–object cognitive structure, or they transcend this structure to reveal an underlying level of non-dual awareness. Further discussion is needed to delineate the basic non-dual experience in meditation, where all phenomenal content is absent, from the more advanced experience of non-duality in daily life, where phenomenal content is obviously present as well. In this discussion, it is important to recognize that the experiencer–object relation makes the experience dual or non-dual, rather than the nature of the object experienced. 相似文献
766.
Within the classic anchoring paradigm, in which respondents are forced to consider provided numbers as possible responses to a target judgment, Wegener et al. (2008) proposed that cognitive load affects the psychological mechanism by which these anchors influence judgments. We propose, instead, that level of cognitive resources does not fundamentally affect how anchoring works, but only whether respondents can access other considerations that bear on the target judgment. Though we share the authors' view that environmental circumstances can influence the relative contribution of associative and deliberative inputs in judgments, we contend that cognitive load primarily affects the types of information that respondents consider, not the manner by which a focal element is processed. 相似文献
767.
Rishona L. Mackoff Ellen F. Iverson Preston Kiekel Frederick Dorey Jeffrey S. Upperman Aida B. Metzenberg 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(4):402-416
Genetic susceptibility research and testing is leading to an era of personalized medicine. Genetic counselors act as liaisons
between the medical genetics community and the public. Understanding the opinions of genetic counselors will be important
in developing testing guidelines. Attitudes towards genetic susceptibility testing in children were assessed for 216 NSGC
members. Genetic counselors were likely to support testing if the results would determine: disease progression or prognosis,
likelihood of survival after a specific treatment, or risk for an adverse drug reaction. Genetic counselors were unlikely
to support testing to determine susceptibility to later disease development or in the absence of available intervention. There
was a strong positive correlation between attitudes associated with desire to test their own child, if at risk and their support
for genetic testing in any child at risk. Respondents strongly favored parent/guardian and child’s rights over doctor or insurance
rights. They indicated assent should be obtained prior to testing, when appropriate, and that a copy of results should be
kept in a permanent medical record. Respondents expressed concerns about insurance discrimination, testing in the absence
of medical necessity, and taking away a child’s autonomy. 相似文献
768.
Andrew L. Wiley Gary N. Siperstein Steven R. Forness Frederick J. Brigham 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(4):451-461
Variability in the social and behavioral characteristics of students with emotional disturbance (ED) in the public schools
may impact special education effectiveness; yet very little evidence exists on how such variability may express itself from
school to school. One place to begin such investigation involves school context as expressed by income level and academic
performance. In this study, we selected 140 children (grades kindergarten through 6) receiving special education services
for ED in schools in a large east-coast urban area. We gathered school-wide test results from state achievement testing and
school poverty levels from eligibility for free or reduced lunch on each school. For each child, we collected teacher ratings
of problem behavior and social skills. Findings from regression analyses revealed significant relationships between school
context and children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior. We discuss the implications of these findings for the concept
of ED as a unitary disability category in special education research and practice. 相似文献
769.
770.
Frederick M. Smith 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2004,8(1-3):107-136
Summary
Bhāvas, or comprehensive states of mental and emotional awareness, manifest different guṇas, or attributes, of the Lord. These attributes are wholly composed of saccidānanda, but due to variations in their bearers (ādhāra), which is to say in the antaḥkaraṇa of different speakers and listeners, they are affected, expressed, and experienced differently. In this way, bhāvas cannot exist without the Lord’s divine attributes, nor can they exist in the absence of the individual jīva. They are eternal because they belong to the Lord but become meaningful only because the individual through the senses can
realize them. They thus serve as a fulcrum between the human and divine, and it is at this delicate point of balance that
līlā is played out. 相似文献