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971.
The aim of this study was to analyze the cultural adaptation of the European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, Kamarak, & Mermelstein, 1983), for its use in Mexican samples. Using a random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the Spanish version of the PSS was compared with the factor structure found in the English version. Internal consistency was adequate (alpha = .83) and confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the factor structure. Factor 1 explained 42.8% of the variance and Factor 2 accounted for 53.2%. The goodness-of-fit measures also revealed an adequate fit. The cultural adaptation of the PSS was also evaluated with satisfactory results. 相似文献
972.
Amérigo M Aragonés JI de Frutos B Sevillano V Cortés B 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2007,10(1):97-103
This study focuses on the cognitive components of general environmental attitudes. Taking as a starting point the scale of Thompson and Barton (1994) to identify ecocentric and anthropocentric motives in environmental conservation, the beliefs that guide attitudes in the person-environment relationship are analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to contrast the tripartite structure of these beliefs--based on egoistic, socioaltruistic, and biospheric aspects-with a two-dimensional structure that confronts ecocentric and anthropocentric orientations. The results obtained from two samples, a student sample (n = 212) and a sample from the general population of Madrid (n = 205), indicate the existence of a three-dimensional structure of environmental beliefs: an anthropocentric dimension based on the instrumental value of the environment for human beings, a biospheric dimension that values the environment for its own sake, and, lastly, an egobiocentric dimension that values the human being within nature as a whole. 相似文献
973.
Király I 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,102(1):14-25
This study demonstrated selective “rational” imitation in infants in two testing conditions: in the presence or absence of the model during the response phase. In the study, 14-month-olds were more likely to imitate a tool-use behavior when a prior failed attempt emphasized the logical reason and relevance of introducing this novel means, making it cognitively transparent for the infants. Infants also learned imitatively from the cognitively opaque (yet socially communicated) modeling situation, but to a lesser degree. Furthermore, the presence of the model as a social partner during testing influenced the performance of infants in that they were more likely to imitate the novel means when the model was present during testing. These results highlight the important interaction of interpretive schemas (e.g., causality, teleological stance) and social communicative cues in action interpretation guiding imitative learning. 相似文献
974.
Digital photography is contributing to the renegotiation of the public and private divide and to the transformation of privacy
and intimacy, especially with the convergence of digital cameras, mobile phones, and web sites. This convergence contributes
to the redefinition of public and private and to the transformation of their boundaries, which have always been subject to
historical and geographical change. Taking pictures or filming videos of strangers in public places and showing them in webs
like Flickr or YouTube, or making self-portraits available to strangers in instant messenger, social network sites, or photo
blogs are becoming a current practice for a growing number of Internet users. Both are examples of the intertwining of online
and offline practices, experiences, and meanings that challenge the traditional concepts of the public and the private. Uses
of digital images play a role in the way people perform being a stranger and in the way they relate to strangers, online and
offline. The mere claims about the privatization of the public space or the public disclosure of intimacy do not account for
all these practices, situations, and attitudes, as they are not a simple translation of behaviors and codes from one realm
to the other. 相似文献
975.
Marianna Szabó 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):235-245
This study investigated developmental differences in the relationship of probability and cost estimates to worrying. Adults,
younger children (M age = 8.67 years) and older children (M age = 11.06 years) rated the extent to which they worry about a list of negative social and physical outcomes and provided
subjective probability and cost estimates for the same outcomes. Adults reported worrying more about social outcomes and rated
them as less ‘bad’ (or costly) but more likely to occur than physical outcomes. Unlike adults, children in both age groups
reported worrying more about physical outcomes. However, similar to adults, they also rated social outcomes as less ‘bad’
but more likely to occur than physical outcomes. Regression analyses showed that probability ratings were the best predictors
of worry in adults, both probability and cost ratings equally predicted worry in older children, but only cost ratings predicted
worry in younger children.
相似文献
Marianna SzabóEmail: |
976.
Isabel Caro Gabalda Amparo Coscollá Iranzo Inmaculada Calvo Penadés Berta López Montesinos 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2009,22(3):283-295
The objective of our study was to make a first exploratory study about the psychological status of children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases exploring, also, the significant differences between girls and boys. A total of 123 children (81 girls and 42 boys) with rheumatic diseases, between the ages of 1 and 19 years old were assessed using different measures for evaluating behavioral and emotional problems. The results showed a picture of a mild or moderate degree of psychological problems in the different measures of anxiety, depression, general distress and behavioral problems. Girls, compared to boys, scored higher in most of the measures used, showing more internalizing than externalizing kinds of symptoms. The results suggest the importance of making a more detailed study of these children, comparing them with matched controls and making prospective, longitudinal studies in order to detect psychological problems, and to explore the influence of predictive variables. 相似文献
977.
Ricardo Olmos José A. León Guillermo Jorge-Botana Inmaculada Escudero 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(3):944-950
In this study, we compared four expert graders with latent semantic analysis (LSA) to assess short summaries of an expository text. As is well known, there are technical difficulties for LSA to establish a good semantic representation when analyzing short texts. In order to improve the reliability of LSA relative to human graders, we analyzed three new algorithms by two holistic methods used in previous research (León, Olmos, Escudero, Cañas, &; Salmerón, 2006). The three new algorithms were (1) the semantic common network algorithm, an adaptation of an algorithm proposed by W. Kintsch (2001, 2002) with respect to LSA as a dynamic model of semantic representation; (2) a best-dimension reduction measure of the latent semantic space, selecting those dimensions that best contribute to improving the LSA assessment of summaries (Hu, Cai, Wiemer-Hastings, Graesser, &; McNamara, 2007); and (3) the Euclidean distance measure, used by Rehder et al. (1998), which incorporates at the same time vector length and the cosine measures. A total of 192 Spanish middle-grade students and 6 experts took part in this study. They read an expository text and produced a short summary. Results showed significantly higher reliability of LSA as a computerized assessment tool for expository text when it used a best-dimension algorithm rather than a standard LSA algorithm. The semantic common network algorithm also showed promising results. 相似文献
978.
979.
In spite of the rather different procedures actually used in comparative studies to test the ability of different species
to rely on the human pointing gesture, there is no debate on the high performance of dogs in such tasks. Very little is known,
however, on the course through which they acquire this ability or the probable factors influencing the process. Important
developmental questions have remained unsolved and also some methodological concerns should be addressed before we can convincingly
argue for one interpretation or another. In this study we tested 180 dogs of different age (from 2 months to adults) to investigate
their performance in the human distal momentary pointing gesture. The results, analyzed at both the group and the individual
levels, showed no difference in the performance according to age, indicating that in dogs the comprehension of the human pointing
may require only very limited and rapid early learning to fully develop. Interestingly, neither the keeping conditions nor
the time spent in active interaction with the owner, and not even some special (agility) training for using human visual cues,
had significant effect on the success and explained individual differences. The performance of the dogs was rather stable
over time: during the 20 trials within a session and even when subsamples of different age were repeatedly tested. Considering
that in spite of the general success at the group level, more than half of the dogs were not successful at the individual
level, we revealed alternative “decision-making rules” other than following the pointing gesture of the experimenter.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Márta GácsiEmail: |
980.
Árni KristjÁnsson Andri Bjarnason Árni Bragi Hjaltason Bryndís Gyda Stefánsdóttir 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2009,71(5):1027-1041
Features that we have recently attended to strongly influence how we allocate visual attention across a subsequently viewed visual scene. Here, we investigate the characteristics of any such repetition effects during visual search for Gabor patch targets drifting in the odd direction relative to a set of distractors. The results indicate that repetition of motion direction has a strong effect upon subsequent allocation of attention. This was the case for judgments of a target’s presence or absence, of a target’s location, and of the color of a target drifting in the odd direction. Furthermore, distractor repetition on its own can facilitate search performance on subsequent trials, indicating that the benefits of repetition of motion direction are not confined to repetition of target features. We also show that motion direction need not be the target-defining dimension throughout a trial block for motion priming to occur, but that priming can build up with only one presentation of a given target direction, even within blocks of trials where the target may, unpredictably, be defined by a different feature (color, in this case), showing that dimensional-weighting accounts cannot, on their own, account for motion direction priming patterns. Finally, we show by randomizing the set size between trials that priming of motion direction can decrease search rates in visual search. 相似文献