排序方式: 共有77条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Philosophia - The question of what art is and why certain objects and events are considered art is examined. In the light of John Searle’s Social Philosophy, a hybrid... 相似文献
12.
People with Williams syndrome, a neurodevelopmental genetic syndrome, typically have good language skills as compared to other cognitive abilities, as far as intellectual disability is concerned. They have a large vocabulary and they frequently use uncommon or rarely-used words. This has led some authors to consider that they have a peculiar semantic system, different from that of people with typical development. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the performance of a group of young adults with Williams syndrome to a control group using various lexico-semantic tasks, including semantic and phonological fluency. The results indicate that the semantic system of people with Williams syndrome does not seem to differ much from those in the control group because the words they produced were similar to those of the control group with regard to word frequency, length or the typicality of the responses within the categories. 相似文献
13.
14.
Manuelde Vega 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(3):303-322
The ability of readers to represent protagonists' changing emotions was explored. In Experiment 1, subjects read stories in a cumulative version (all the events biased the same emotion) or in a shifting version (the first part biased an emotion and the second part suggested another one). An emotional sentence (e.g. Ann felt proud of her decision) placed at two different loci was either consistent or inconsistent with the first part of the story. In the cumulative context, inconsistent targets were read slower in any locus. In the shifting context, inconsistent sentences were read slower in the first locus, and faster in the second locus, indicating that readers had updated the protagonist's emotion. In Experiments 2 and 3 subjects read versions of the stories with a first part that biased one of two alternative emotions (e.g. proud or guilty), followed by neutral sentences and then the target sentence. The consistency effect was obtained again, demonstrating that the representation of the initial emotion was highly accessible beyond the local context. The results indicate that readers built updatable mental models of protagonists' emotions. 相似文献
15.
Andrés Molero-Chamizo José R. Alameda Bailén Tamara Garrido Béjar Macarena García López Inmaculada Jaén Rodríguez Carolina Gutiérrez Lérida Silvia Pérez Panal Gloria González Ángel Laura Lemus Corchero María J. Ruiz Vega Michael A. Nitsche Guadalupe N. Rivera-Urbina 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2018,18(1):167-175
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces long-term potentiation-like plasticity, which is associated with long-lasting effects on different cognitive, emotional, and motor performances. Specifically, tDCS applied over the motor cortex is considered to improve reaction time in simple and complex tasks. The timing of tDCS relative to task performance could determine the efficacy of tDCS to modulate performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a single session of anodal tDCS (1.5 mA, for 15 min) applied over the left primary motor cortex (M1) versus sham stimulation on performance of a go/no-go simple reaction-time task carried out at three different time points after tDCS—namely, 0, 30, or 60 min after stimulation. Performance zero min after anodal tDCS was improved during the whole course of the task. Performance 30 min after anodal tDCS was improved only in the last block of the reaction-time task. Performance 60 min after anodal tDCS was not significantly different throughout the entire task. These findings suggest that the motor cortex excitability changes induced by tDCS can improve motor responses, and these effects critically depend on the time interval between stimulation and task performance. 相似文献
16.
María J. Rodrigo Manuel de Vega Javier Castaneda 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2013,25(2):141-157
Abstract A mental model account for predictive judgement is proposed. According to this view, solving a predictive task involves the foundation ad updating of a mental he work as the relevant data are provided. The final model state determines the subject's predictive outcome. Two experiments examine the temporal course of reasoning in novices (Experiment 1) and experts (Experiment 2). Each task provided in succession a quantitative source (e.g. “Last year, of the vehidts that stopped at the cafe, 80% were cars and 20% were trucks”), a diagnostic source (e.g. “This vehide is mksy”) and a categorical choice (e.g. “What kind of vehicle was it?”). Two factors were manipulated: The order of sources aimed at analysing the contextual dependence of the updating processes, and the between-sources congruence (congruent or incongruent) in order to explore the integrative processes in model building. The pattern of the sources reading times, the choice times and the categorical choices suggested that: (1) the processing of a source depends on the previous one, (2) subjects try to integrste both sources into a single mental framework, and (3) experts and novices have a similar performance, although experts give more importance to the quantitative source in the diagnostic-quantitative order. These results are better accounted for by the mental model framework than both the heuristic and the formal view of prediction. 相似文献
17.
On doing two things at once: Temporal constraints on actions in language comprehension 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In two experiments, we investigated how text comprehension is influenced by the interaction between the properties of actions and the temporal relations specified by adverbs. Participants read short narratives describing a protagonist who performed two actions that involved similar sensorimotor systems (e.g., chopping wood and painting a fence) or different ones (e.g., whistling a melody and painting a fence). The actions were described as simultaneous or successive by means of the temporal adverbs while and after, respectively. Comprehension, both in Spanish and in English, was markedly impaired (longer reading times and lower subjective coherence) for sentences including the adverb while and actions involving the same sensorimotor system. However, when one of the same sensorimotor system actions was described as a mental plan (e.g., chopping wood and thinking of painting a fence), comprehension was equally easy with the adverbs while and after. These results are compatible with a revised version of the indexical hypothesis that specifies how comprehension is guided by syntax and embodied constraints within multiple noninteracting mental spaces. 相似文献
18.
Processing of temporal information: Evidence from eye movements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In two experiments, we recorded eye movements to study how readers monitor temporal order information contained in narrative texts. Participants read short texts containing critical temporal information in the sixth sentence, which could be either consistent or inconsistent with temporal order information given in the second sentence. In Experiment 1, inconsistent sentences yielded more regressions to the second sentence and longer refixations of it. In Experiment 2, this pattern of eye movements was shown only by readers who noticed the inconsistency and were able to report it. Theoretical and methodological implications of the results for research on text comprehension are discussed. 相似文献
19.
In an effort to build interest in the two-year old service learning center and to fulfill its mission to integrate academic life with service in thoughtful and relevant ways, a competition was held to award developmental grants to faculty to create innovative courses incorporating service learning. The winning proposal from the business school used a business ethics course as the vehicle for formally introducing service into the business curriculum. This paper will tell the story of the intended and unintended consequences of building collaboration on several levels: between generations, between college and community, between faculty and college resources, between student teams, and between theory and practice. 相似文献
20.
Frank A. Biafora George J. Warheit Rick S. Zimmerman Andres G. Gil Eleni Apospori Dorothy Taylor William A. Vega 《Journal of applied social psychology》1993,23(11):891-910
While it has been suggested that mistrust of the dominant White society may be an important protective factor for some members of racial minorities, the question of whether mistrust may also be related to nonnormative behaviors among minority members has not been explored. Using survey data from Miami, Florida, this study empirically tests this hypothesis among a sample of African American, Haitian, and other Caribbean island Black adolescent boys. Bivariate analyses suggest a strong relationship between racial mistrust and conventional forms of delinquency for all three ethnic groups. These findings also held in multivariate analyses in which six traditional predictors of deviance were statistically controlled. The authors conclude that racial mistrust adds a new dimension to empirical prediction models. In addition, they conclude that issues associated with racial mistrust should be considered when developing and implementing prevention strategies. 相似文献