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211.
The individualism-collectivism dimension cuts across the East and the West. It explains the differing values and cultural breeding that are necessary in acculturating people's affective and cognitive behaviours in accordance with the culture to which they belong. Many empirical studies have investigated the effects of personality traits on job satisfaction and work strain. The personality of individuals affects how they perceive the impact of job satisfaction and work stress. Furthermore, personality traits are influenced by cultural background. This study surveyed 626 nurses from collectivist and individualist societies to find out the possible difference in the role of affective dispositions in self-reported job satisfaction and work strain between these two cultural orientations. 相似文献
212.
Political Ideologies and Support for Censorship: Is It a Question of Whose Ox Is Being Gored? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Randy Fisher Stuart Lilie Clarice Evans Greg Hollon Mary Sands Dawn Depaul Christine Brady David Lindbom Dawn Judd Michelle Miller Tim Hultgren 《Journal of applied social psychology》1999,29(8):1705-1731
Two studies are described. one of 381 university students and the other a statewide survey of 295 adults, both of which examine the relationship between attitudinal support for censorship and political ideologies. The results of these studies are interpreted as challenging the view of Suedfeld, Steel, and Schmidt (1994) that support for censorship is a function of both the works in question and the political ideologies of the respondents. In both studies we find that support for censorship is somewhat consistent across messages and images of differing political content. and that support for censorship is generally greater among those with conservative political attitudes, regardless of the content of the works in question. A model of political attitudes (Maddox & Lilie. 1986) that conceptualizes American political idcologies as consisting of two relatively independent dimensions, rather than a single left-right dimension. is proposed as a more effective means of conceptualizing this issue. 相似文献
213.
Randy G. Litchfield 《Teaching Theology & Religion》1999,2(2):103-108
The author uses a variety of Internet-related technologies to support pedagogical approaches where students become conscious of their role in the production of knowledge in a public and critically collaborative environment. These approaches also seek to address theory/practice dichotomies by using the Internet to bridge academic and parish contexts. The article describes and assesses three courses utilizing web-based technology. One course features student portfolios posted on a website with peer- and parish-based reviewers. A second course features student creation of the course text with contributions from external professionals. A third course features a ministry resource website created by students. 相似文献
214.
The direct proof of transcendental idealism, in the Transcendental Aesthetic of Kant's First Critique, has borne the brunt of enormous criticism. Much of this criticism has arisen from a confusion regarding the epistemological nature of the arguments Kant proposes with the alleged ontological conclusions he draws. In this paper I attempt to deflect this species of criticism. I concentrate my analysis on the Metaphysical Expositions of Space and Time. I argue that the argument form of the Metaphysical Expositions is that of disjunctive syllogism and that Kant's primary target of attack is that of Leibnizian relativism. I provide a detailed analysis and reconstruction of the arguments of the Metaphysical Expositions, defending Kant against various claims of argumentative invalidity and incoherence. I conclude by identifying what can properly be inferred regarding the ontological nature of space and time, given my reconstructions of the arguments, and by suggesting the manner in which Kant can deflect objections from the other major proponent of transcendental realism, namely, Newtonian absolutism. 相似文献
215.
Deborah Morisse Lalita Batra Larry Hess Randy Silverman Patrick Corrigan 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》1997,5(1):41-46
Token economies are rarely used in real-world psychiatric settings because of barriers to their implementation, such an institutional constraints and insufficient collegial support. The line-level treatment team at Elgin Mental Health Center was able to overcome these contraints and develop a user-friendly token economy. This article describes Elgin's simple yet effective token economy and the process used to develop it. 相似文献
216.
Adaptations to Ovulation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Steven W. Gangestad Randy Thornhill Christine E. Garver-Apgar 《Current directions in psychological science》2005,14(6):312-316
ABSTRACT— In socially monogamous species in which males heavily invest in offspring, there arises an inevitable genetic conflict between partners over whether investing males become biological fathers of their partners' offspring. Humans are such a species. The ovulatory-shift hypothesis proposes that changes in women's mate preferences and sexual interests across the cycle are footprints of this conflict. When fertile (mid-cycle), women find masculine bodily and behavioral features particularly sexy and report increased attraction to men other than current partners. Men are more vigilant of partners when the latter are fertile, which may reflect evolved counteradaptations. This adaptationist hypothesis has already generated several fruitful research programs, but many questions remain. 相似文献
217.
Patrick Grim Randy Au Nancy Louie Robert Rosenberger William Braynen Evan Selinger Robb E. Eason 《Synthese》2008,163(2):273-297
Robustness has long been recognized as an important parameter for evaluating game-theoretic results, but talk of ‘robustness’
generally remains vague. What we offer here is a graphic measure for a particular kind of robustness (‘matrix robustness’),
using a three-dimensional display of the universe of 2 × 2 game theory. In such a measure specific games appear as specific
volumes (Prisoner’s Dilemma, Stag Hunt, etc.), allowing a graphic image of the extent of particular game-theoretic effects
in terms of those games. The measure also allows for an easy comparison between different effects in terms of matrix robustness.
Here we use the measure to compare the robustness of Tit for Tat’s well-known success in spatialized games (Axelrod, R. (1984).
The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic Books; Grim, P. et al. (1998). The philosophical computer: Exploratory essays in philosophical computer modeling. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press) with the robustness of a recent game-theoretic model of the contact hypothesis regarding prejudice
reduction (Grim et al. 2005. Public Affairs Quarterly, 19, 95–125). 相似文献
218.
Computerized models of human cognition and behavior have been used to help researchers refine their theories of cognitive
processes. Two difficulties inherent in using these cognitive models are that building representations of to-be-modeled groups
or individuals is (1) time-consuming and (2) prone to error when performed manually. The use of computerized tools to build
representations for cognitive models could alleviate these problems. Such a set of tools has been developed and applied to
the task of modeling individual aviation pilots performing flight maneuvers in real time. A study conducted with 27 pilots
confirms the accuracy of the computer-generated representations. 相似文献
219.
Based on hypothesizing about the role of information processing, and in particular, underinclusive categorization in compulsive hoarding, this study examined categorization processes in people with clinically significant compulsive hoarding problems. Twenty-one participants with primary compulsive hoarding, 21 with OCD without hoarding, and 21 non-psychiatric controls completed three categorization tasks. Hoarding and OCD participants reported significantly more distress prior to each of the three tasks than did controls. On tasks sorting common household items, the groups did not differ on the number of piles created nor on the amount of time taken to sort. However, on a task sorting personally relevant items, hoarding participants took more time, created more piles, and reported more anxiety than non-psychiatric controls. Hoarders also took more time than the OCD group, and tended to create more piles. Hoarding severity was correlated with the number of piles created, but only when the objects were personally relevant. Results support under-inclusive categorizing for people with compulsive hoarding, but the effect was largely confined to objects of personal relevance. 相似文献
220.
This study examined three assumptions of the theory of deliberate practice: that deliberate practice is perceived as relevant for improving performance and that it requires effort, but that it is not perceived as being inherently enjoyable. Of particular interest was how these perceptions change as practice difficulty changes. 30 college undergraduates practiced two different maze memorization and replication tasks and rated the practice relevance for improving performance on the task, the practice effort, and the inherent enjoyment of practice. The findings for each of the assumptions were consistent with those suggested by the theory and also showed that these perceptions are subject to the current performance on an activity and the difficulty of the practice. 相似文献