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Philosophia - Rani Lill Anjum and Stephen Mumford have recently defended a new kind of modality, which they call ‘dispositional modality’. The key reason to adopt dispositional... 相似文献
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We investigated social cognition and theory of mind in patients with schizophrenia and in patients with frontotemporal dementia in order to elucidate the cognitive mechanisms involved in the breakdown of these skills in psychiatric and neurological patients. Our tasks included videotaped scenarios of social interactions depicting sincere, sarcastic and paradoxical remarks, as well as lies. We found impaired performance of the schizophrenia group on all theory of mind conditions despite their intact understanding of sincere statements. In contrast, the FTD group performed poorly only when they had to rely on paralinguistic cues indicating sarcasm or lies, and not on paradoxical remarks or sarcasm when given additional verbal cues. Our findings suggest that, while current deficits in social and interpersonal functioning in patients with FTD may reflect a decrement in previously acquired skills, similar deficits in patients with schizophrenia may reflect an altogether inadequately learned process. 相似文献
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Isabelle Pichon Giulio Boccato Vassilis Saroglou 《European journal of social psychology》2007,37(5):1032-1045
Past literature on the automaticity of social behavior indicates that priming a concept automatically activates related behavioral schemas. In the two present studies we examined the impact of religion on prosociality. In the first study, we tested the impact of subliminal priming of religious concepts on prosocial behavior intentions. We found a main effect of this priming, moderated by valence: prosocial behavior tendencies were stronger when positive religious words had previously been subliminally primed. In the second study, we examined the accessibility of prosocial concepts, after the supraliminal activation of religion. Indeed, we found that not only were religion‐related attributes more accessible when primed, but positive religious primes were also able to activate prosocial concepts. While previous research has shown the religion‐prosociality link at the explicit level and in terms of the role of individual religiousness, these results indicate that religious concepts by themselves can nonconsciously activate prosocial behavioral schemas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Katerina Mouratidou Vassilis Barkoukis Panayotis Zahariadis Athina Arampatzi 《Social Psychology of Education》2007,10(4):495-508
The school environment plays an important role in children’s socialization. The present report was concerned with the study
of aggressive behaviour and social insecurity among elementary school students in Greece. For this purpose, Petermann and
Petermann’s (2001; 2003) checklists for structured observation of aggressive behaviour (Checklist of Aggressive Behaviour;
CAB) and social insecurity (Checklist of Social Insecure Behaviour; CSIB) were used. The primary aim was to examine the psychometric
characteristics of the Greek versions of CAB and CSIB. Overall, 500 Greek elementary school students (M
age
= 9.46 ± 1.7) participated in the study. Students’ social behaviour was evaluated by their teachers. Confirmatory factor
analysis results showed adequate factorial structure for both checklists, the χ2 was significant, and absolute and incremental fit indices were at acceptable levels. Internal consistency coefficients were
also at satisfactory and acceptable levels. The analysis of correlation provided evidence on the construct validity of the
checklists. No gender differences were found in all aspects of aggressive and socially insecure behaviours. The findings of
the study provide initial evidence on the validity and reliability of the checklists and imply that they are valuable instruments
for the assessment of aggression and social insecurity in the school context.
相似文献
Katerina MouratidouEmail: |
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Embodied cognition and perceptual symbol theories assume that higher cognition interacts with and is grounded in perception and action. Recent experiments have shown that language processing interacts with perceptual processing in various ways, indicating that linguistic representations have a strong perceptual character. In the present study, we have used signal detection theory to investigate whether the comprehension of written sentences, implying either horizontal or vertical orientation, could improve the participants' visual sensitivity for discriminating between horizontal or vertical square-wave gratings and noise. We tested this prediction by conducting one main and one follow-up experiment. Our results indicate that language can, indeed, affect perception at such a low level of the visual process and thus provide further support for the embodied theories of cognition. 相似文献
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Silvia Cagnone Dr Irini Moustaki Vassilis Vasdekis 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2009,62(2):401-415
The paper proposes a full information maximum likelihood estimation method for modelling multivariate longitudinal ordinal variables. Two latent variable models are proposed that account for dependencies among items within time and between time. One model fits item‐specific random effects which account for the between time points correlations and the second model uses a common factor. The relationships between the time‐dependent latent variables are modelled with a non‐stationary autoregressive model. The proposed models are fitted to a real data set. 相似文献
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Vassilis Kouloulias John Kokakis Nikolaos Kelekis John Kouvaris 《Journal of religion and health》2017,56(4):1137-1154
The development of a questionnaire (QRFPC25) assessing the religiosity of cancer patients. The method used for the questionnaire comprises seven multi-item and three single-item scales formed from a 25-question module. The questionnaire was completed on-site and a week after antineoplastic therapy. The final sample included 156 patients. The main topics of the QRFPC25 are the following: worship, relationship with the divine, spiritual discussion, hope, participation in holly communion, faith, life after death, love, bioethics and global quality of life (QoL). The average time of both times taken to complete the questionnaire was approximately 10 min. All multi-item scales met the minimal standards of reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ≥.70) before or after treatment. Test–retest reliability in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient was also satisfactory (p < 0.01). Validity was assured by inter-item correlations and correlations with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30, version 3.0), along with factor analysis which showed eight factors incorporated in the model. The QRFPC25 is a reliable and valid gauge for the assessment of religiosity in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. 相似文献
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Theano S. Kokkinaki V.G.S. Vasdekis Zaharenia E. Koufaki Colwyn B. Trevarthen 《Infant and child development》2017,26(2)
Eleven infant–mother dyads in Crete were videod during spontaneous interactions at home, from the second to the sixth month of life. Micro‐analysis was used to investigate‘coordination'and ‘non‐matching’ of facial expressions of emotion. ‘Emotional coordination’ was evaluated with four measures: matching of facial expressions, completion when one responded to the other with ‘pleasure’ or ‘interest’, synchrony by matching frequency of change or rhythm of emotional expressions, and attunement when shifts of emotional intensity of the two partners were in the same direction.‘Emotional non‐matching'was coded when neither the infant nor the mother showed interest in interacting with the other. In emotional coordination or non‐matching between mother and infant, who performed first was also recorded. We obtained evidence of emotional matching, synchrony, and attunement. Importantly, the probability of emotional non‐matching by the infant was higher than the probability of emotional matching and completion, indicating a tendency for thoughtful attention or playful rivalry in the responses of infants, who also initiated emotional matching, completion, and non‐matching more frequently than mothers. The probability of expression of emotional matching, completion, and non‐matching changed with age. Both mothers and infants act to obtain sympathetic complementarity of feelings and co‐operative inter‐synchrony of actions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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