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11.
The present article is a part of a project for the measurement of presence in educational virtual environments (VEs), since presence is correlated with higher levels of cognitive performance and emotional development, factors that contribute to knowledge construction. The aim of our study was to investigate the sense of presence of 12-year-old pupils within an educational VE representing an ancient Greek house through a sense of embodiment and the ability to handle task performance, while using various peripheral devices. This is the first report on presence measurement with children, based on the indication that children and adults may apply very unrelated criteria. Our results showed statistically significant differences on the level of tiredness and ease of use in using six different input devices. The combination of the keyboard and mouse and the keyboard on its own were the least tedious and easiest input devices, giving a sense of presence as stated by the pupils. Environmental richness and the high level of interactivity within the VE resulted in a high degree of presence for almost all the pupils. The majority of them felt a sense of presence whilst driving the avatar, indicating that presence is significantly correlated with pupils' degree of association with their virtual bodies. All the pupils felt a sense of presence when wearing the head-mounted display. Our findings are in line with those of other researchers and show evidence of personal, social and environmental presence. 相似文献
12.
This study investigated agent and expression intensity recognition in point-light displays depicting dancing performances.
In a first session, participants danced with two different expression intensities to music, solo or in dyads. In a subsequent
session, they watched point-light displays of 1–5-s duration, depicting their own, their partner’s or another participant’s
recorded actions, and were asked to identify the agent (self vs. partner vs. stranger) and the intended expression intensity
(expressive vs. inexpressive) of the performer. The results indicate that performer identity and expression intensity could
be discerned reliably from displays as short as 1 s. The accuracy in judgment increased with exposure duration and, for performer
identification, with higher expression intensity. Judgment accuracy in agent and expression intensity recognition tasks correlated
with self-report empathy indices. Accuracy correlated also with confidence in judgment, but only in the intensity recognition
task. The results are discussed in relation to perceptual and neural mechanisms underlying action and intention recognition. 相似文献
13.
This review article provides a summary of the findings from empirical studies that investigated recognition of an action's agent by using music and/or other auditory information. Embodied cognition accounts ground higher cognitive functions in lower level sensorimotor functioning. Action simulation, the recruitment of an observer's motor system and its neural substrates when observing actions, has been proposed to be particularly potent for actions that are self-produced. This review examines evidence for such claims from the music domain. It covers studies in which trained or untrained individuals generated and/or perceived (musical) sounds, and were subsequently asked to identify who was the author of the sounds (e.g., the self or another individual) in immediate (online) or delayed (offline) research designs. The review is structured according to the complexity of auditory–motor information available and includes sections on: 1) simple auditory information (e.g., clapping, piano, drum sounds), 2) complex instrumental sound sequences (e.g., piano/organ performances), and 3) musical information embedded within audiovisual performance contexts, when action sequences are both viewed as movements and/or listened to in synchrony with sounds (e.g., conductors' gestures, dance). This work has proven to be informative in unraveling the links between perceptual–motor processes, supporting embodied accounts of human cognition that address action observation. The reported findings are examined in relation to cues that contribute to agency judgments, and their implications for research concerning action understanding and applied musical practice. 相似文献
14.
Catching up with wonderful women: The women‐are‐wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies
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Kuba Krys Colin A. Capaldi Wijnand van Tilburg Ottmar V. Lipp Michael Harris Bond C.‐Melanie Vauclair L. Sam S. Manickam Alejandra Domínguez‐Espinosa Claudio Torres Vivian Miu‐Chi Lun Julien Teyssier Lynden K. Miles Karolina Hansen Joonha Park Wolfgang Wagner Angela Arriola Yu Cai Xing Ryan Wise Chien‐Ru Sun Razi Sultan Siddiqui Radwa Salem Muhammad Rizwan Vassilis Pavlopoulos Martin Nader Fridanna Maricchiolo María Malbran Gwatirera Javangwe İdil Işık David O. Igbokwe Taekyun Hur Arif Hassan Ana Gonzalez Márta Fülöp Patrick Denoux Enila Cenko Ana Chkhaidze Eleonora Shmeleva Radka Antalíková Ramadan A. Ahmed 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(Z1):21-26
Inequalities between men and women are common and well‐documented. Objective indexes show that men are better positioned than women in societal hierarchies—there is no single country in the world without a gender gap. In contrast, researchers have found that the women‐are‐wonderful effect—that women are evaluated more positively than men overall—is also common. Cross‐cultural studies on gender equality reveal that the more gender egalitarian the society is, the less prevalent explicit gender stereotypes are. Yet, because self‐reported gender stereotypes may differ from implicit attitudes towards each gender, we reanalysed data collected across 44 cultures, and (a) confirmed that societal gender egalitarianism reduces the women‐are‐wonderful effect when it is measured more implicitly (i.e. rating the personality of men and women presented in images) and (b) documented that the social perception of men benefits more from gender egalitarianism than that of women. 相似文献
15.
Shakuntala Banaji Sam Mejias Ragne Kouts Filipe Piedade Vassilis Pavlopoulos Iana Tzankova 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2018,15(3):250-269
AbstractHow does academic literature across various disciplines conceptualize and empirically address active citizenship? What are the potential benefits and dangers of dominant epistemological and ideological perspectives on ‘good citizenship’? Our paper engages with these questions by drawing on literature across 12 disciplines. We used textual analysis software T-LAB to quantify and visualize co-occurrences, word associations and thematic clusters in the abstracts of 770 texts gathered by eight country teams and original in-depth qualitative analyses of ideological positions and discourses taken up in a selection of key texts across the corpus. Our paper elaborates the findings: that many of the key themes surrounding young people and citizenship in the literature share little or no connection with European citizenship; that there is a significant gap in the literature on young European citizens; and that studies connected to internal, status-based factors connected to citizenship are far more prevalent than those examining external, practice-based factors or dissidence and dissent. Our conclusions examine the potential normative implications of the disjuncture between dominant conceptions and critical accounts of youth active citizenship. 相似文献
16.
Patty Van Cappellen Vassilis Saroglou Maria Toth-Gauthier 《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2016,26(1):19-30
Research has shown that religious beliefs and practices are related, to some extent, to prosocial behaviors, but less is known about why it is so. In addition, participating in the traditional Christian ritual (Sunday Mass) may be particularly powerful in eliciting prosocial behavior among believers. The present study explores the aspects of the Sunday Mass that may be involved in the activation of religious prosociality. The social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of the Mass were concurrently assessed among churchgoers (n = 548) across 20 different parishes. Prosociality was measured by looking at spontaneous intention to share a hypothetical lottery prize. Results showed that a positive relation found between religion and prosociality was mediated by the social aspect of the Mass. Additional analyses revealed that this social aspect also induced the emotion of love, which in turn promoted prosociality. 相似文献
17.
The paper proposes a composite likelihood estimation approach that uses bivariate instead of multivariate marginal probabilities for ordinal longitudinal responses using a latent variable model. The model considers time-dependent latent variables and item-specific random effects to be accountable for the interdependencies of the multivariate ordinal items. Time-dependent latent variables are linked with an autoregressive model. Simulation results have shown composite likelihood estimators to have a small amount of bias and mean square error and as such they are feasible alternatives to full maximum likelihood. Model selection criteria developed for composite likelihood estimation are used in the applications. Furthermore, lower-order residuals are used as measures-of-fit for the selected models. 相似文献
18.
Patty Van Cappellen Vassilis Saroglou Caroline Iweins Maria Piovesana Barbara L. Fredrickson 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(8):1378-1394
Spirituality has mostly been studied in psychology as implied in the process of overcoming adversity, being triggered by negative experiences, and providing positive outcomes. By reversing this pathway, we investigated whether spirituality may also be triggered by self-transcendent positive emotions, which are elicited by stimuli appraised as demonstrating higher good and beauty. In two studies, elevation and/or admiration were induced using different methods. These emotions were compared to two control groups, a neutral state and a positive emotion (mirth). Self-transcendent positive emotions increased participants' spirituality (Studies 1 and 2), especially for the non-religious participants (Study 1). Two basic world assumptions, i.e., belief in life as meaningful (Study 1) and in the benevolence of others and the world (Study 2) mediated the effect of these emotions on spirituality. Spirituality should be understood not only as a coping strategy, but also as an upward spiralling pathway to and from self-transcendent positive emotions. 相似文献
19.
Vassilis Saroglou Dr 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(3):255-267
Previous research indicated negative associations between religiosity and humour creation and appreciation. The present studies on 175 students (study 1) and 196 adults from married couples (study 2) investigated the links between religiosity and spirituality and the use of specific humour styles (assessed on the basis of Martin et al. (2003) Humor Styles Questionnaire and Craik et al. (1996) Humorous Behavior Q-Sort Deck). In study 1 (self-reports), men's spirituality and religiosity were found to be negatively related respectively to the use of hostile and social humour. In study 2 (self- and/or spouse-ratings), there was weak but meaningful evidence that both religious men and women did not tend to use hostile and earthy humour nor, to some extent, social humour. Religious men tended to use self-defeating humour, a finding partially due to their high insecurity in attachment. Moreover, religiosity and/or spirituality was found to be related to between-spouse similarity in many humour styles. The discussion points out the willingness of religious people to share similar values and ways of enjoyment with their partners as well as the fact that the ‘discomfort’ of religion with humour seems to encompass a large number of humour styles. 相似文献
20.
Vassilis Sakellariou 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2011,42(1):109-127
In the on-going debate between scientific realism and its various opponents, a crucial role in challenging the realist claim
that success of scientific theories must be attributed to their approximate truth is played by the so-called pessimistic meta-induction: Arguing that the history of science boils down to a succession of theories which, though successful at a time, were eventually
discarded only to be replaced by alternative theories which in turn met with the same fate, it purports to show that the empirical
success of scientific theories cannot have any bearing on claims about their truth-likeness. Yet, the same historical record
suggests a possible strategy to counter this argument. Far from being a barren wasteland, it contains cases which point to
the need of adopting a selective attitude when passing judgments about truth-likeness of theories. In this vein, Psillos has proposed the so-called divide et impera move. It consists in pointing out that responsibility for the success of a theory should be attributed to an indispensable core element in it, acting in unison with other elements reflecting the concrete historical conditions under which the theory
was formulated. In what follows it is argued that the discovery of Kepler’s first two laws and the transition to Newtonian
mechanics provides a notable case to exhibit the divide et impera move. All the more so, since—as will be shown—Kepler himself employs a variant of this move, a fact that sheds light on the
philosophical implications of his theories. As a result, it will be argued that the appropriate selective attitude towards
theories becomes solidly warranted if wedded to the diachronic element in the process of a theory’s development. 相似文献