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Sheila E. Horn 《The Journal of medical humanities》1985,6(2):99-108
Medical students pose as physicians during clinical training. This article presents three cases where students justify misrepresenting their status for different reasons: self-concern for career, necessity for clinical training, and belief that the truth could cause undue psychological stress in the patient. The author suggests that serious consequences of this practice should be constantly reviewed in a critical light. 相似文献
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This report explores the relationship between philosophy and medicine in the Netherlands. In Section 1 we outline the ups and downs of medico-philosophical research in our country: pre-war flourishing, post-war decline, and modern renaissance. In Section 2 we review recent Dutch literature in the philosophy of medicine. The topics dealt with include methodology of medical science, alternative medicine, the basic concepts of medicine, anthropological medicine, medicalization, medicine and culture, and health care ethics. 相似文献
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John L. Horn 《Intelligence》1980,4(4):285-317
This article is a summary and integration of results from studies of the organization and development of human abilities. Several kinds of results are interpreted as converging toward support of theories stipulating a hierarchy of intellectual functions. Near the top of this hierarchy, most related to intelligence as this is usually conceived, are the two broad sets of abilities known as fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc). The major focus of the review is on the decline of Gf through the “vital years of adulthood,” from 20 to 60 years of age. Major conclusions are:1. Sensory detector functions, near the bottom of the hierarchy of intellectual capacities, decline with development through the vital years, but this kind of decline is not responsible for aging decline of the major features of fluid intelligence: keenness of sensory function is not of the sine qua non of mature expressions of human intelligence.2. Memory abilities are somewhat higher in the hierarchy of intellectual functions, and thus are more strongly related to intelligence, than are sensory detectors. With increase in time interval over which retention is required, there is increase in the relationship of memory to Gf and to decline of Gf over the vital years. Accompanying this increase is an increase in the extent to which memory is dependent upon adequacy of organization at the stage of encoding. This, in turn, reflects the adequacy of eduction of relations and correlates, which is an essential feature of Gf.3. To the extent that very short-term memory is implicated in fluid intelligence, and the decline of this, it is intimately related to either a capacity or inclination to maintain close attention under conditions of high demand for attention.4. The speed with which one obtains correct answers to difficult problems is not closely related to the number of correct answers obtained when all subjects attempt all items in fluid intelligence tests, but clerical/perpetual speed, as indicated in tasks of quickly finding a particular symbol among others or tasks of making same/different judgments, is related to aging decline of Gf. As with short-term memory, this form of intellectual speediness appears to be closely related to capacities (or inclinations) for maintaining attention, dividing attention, and holding things in mind while doing other things.5. Crystallized intelligence probably increases over the vital years. This reflects dynamic restructuring of knowledge systems. It appears that there is not only an aging increase in knowledge but also an increase in the accessibility of information, a result being that humans become more creative (in one sense) as age increases through the vital years.6. Results from multivariate cross-sectional studies of intelligence are seen to be consistent with comparable results obtained with other kinds of research strategies. 相似文献
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Lynn L. Peterson Kent O. Dana Joan S. Reisch Thomas Hibberd Maurice Korman Paul I. Munves Alvin J. North Thomas A. Van Hoose Frank Trimboli 《Behavior research methods》1981,13(4):485-498
An information processing system for a psychiatric emergency room is described. Several studies are presented that show the utility of the system. In the first study, variables involved in diagnosis are explicated. The second study attempts to determine the characteristics that distinguish recidivists from nonrecidivists at an emergency room. The third study attempts to find patient variables related to success in short-term treatment programs. The final study is aimed at discovering whether there are psychopathological effects related to the use of inhalants. Together, these studies show the potential of a mental health information system for learning more about the nature of mental disorders and their treatment. 相似文献
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Component analysis of the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern in male and female college students 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L Musante J M MacDougall T M Dembroski A E Van Horn 《Journal of personality and social psychology》1983,45(5):1104-1117
Two studies investigated the psychological dimensions encompassed by the Rosenman Structured Interview (SI) method of assessing the Type A behavior pattern. In Study 1, female students completed the SI and Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). Factor analysis of the verbal stylistic and answer content components of the SI yielded a 5-factor solution, with one factor--Clinical Rating--accounting for most nonerror variance in Type A ratings. The remaining factors were derived from answer content and correlated more substantially with JAS Type A ratings than with SI Type A ratings. In Study 2, male and female college students completed the SI and JAS and a battery of questionnaires that tap trait dimensions implied by the conceptual definition of Type A. For both males and females, SI ratings of Type A could almost be completely predicted by scores on the Clinical Rating factor. For both sexes, content dimensions of the SI related to other measures of Type A and to Type A-consistent traits, whereas the Clinical Rating factor was only modestly associated with such traits. Moreover, sex differences were observed in the trait constellations composing SI and JAS definitions of Type A. These results suggest that a discrepancy exists between conceptual and operational definitions of the Type A pattern. 相似文献