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211.
Learning awareness, including semantic content, response strategy, processing strategy, summarization, and memory in the classroom, were examined in students with mental retardation. From urban schools in Japan special high school students with average IQ of 60 (n = 40) and students with normal intellectual capacity matched on mental (n = 40) and chronological age (n = 40) were administered a 16-item Learning Awareness Questionnaire. Students of low IQ on the Tanaka-Binet test obtained lower scores on semantic content and memory strategies than chronological or mental age-matched controls, but not on response and processing. Scores indicated that students of low IQ may be equally aware of learning processes related to response and processing strategies. 相似文献
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213.
Porntida Tanjitpiyanond Jolanda Jetten Kim Peters Ashwini Ashokkumar Oumar Barry Matthew Billet Maja Becker Robert W. Booth Diego Castro Juana Chinchilla Giulio Costantini Egon Dejonckheere Girts Dimdins Yasemin Erbas Agustín Espinosa Gillian Finchilescu Ángel Gómez Roberto González Nobuhiko Goto Aya Hatano Lea Hartwich Somboon Jarukasemthawee Jaya Kumar Karunagharan Lindsay M. Novak Jinseok P. Kim Michal Kohút Yi Liu Steve Loughnan Ike E. Onyishi Charity N. Onyishi Micaela Varela Iris S. Pattara-angkoon Müjde Peker Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn Muhammad Rizwan Eunkook M. Suh William Swann Eddie M. W. Tong Rhiannon N. Turner Niels Vanhasbroeck Paul A. M. Van Lange Christin-Melanie Vauclair Alexander Vinogradov Grace Wacera Zhechen Wang Susilo Wibisono Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung 《European journal of social psychology》2023,53(2):367-382
There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality—that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth-based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio-structural features that co-occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor. 相似文献
214.
Ashish Kalra Nawar N. Chaker Rakesh K. Singh Barttanu Kumar Das 《Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management》2017,37(4):332-348
Scholars have recently explored the effects of salespeople's intraorganizational relationships on salespeople's job-related outcomes. Grounded in social influence theory, we explore the effects of salespeople's intraorganizational skills on salesperson relationship performance. We empirically tested the proposed relationships using the data from a non-Western sales force working with an organization in an emerging economy. The results indicate that salespeople's political skill positively contributes to salespeople's identification with the organization and to creative performance, while strikingly, we also find that salesperson task adaptivity weakens these effects. Moreover, salespeople's identification and creative performance are positively related to customer satisfaction. These findings demonstrate that salespeople's intraorganizational relationships play a key role in enhancing customer satisfaction. In light of these results, we explore implications for marketers and academics and conclude by suggesting directions for further research. 相似文献
215.
The fastest kinetics of lamellar disintegration (predicted duration of 44 min) in AISI 1080 steel is obtained with a novel approach of incomplete austenitisation-based cyclic heat treatment involving forced air cooling with an air flow rate of 8.7 m3 h?1. A physical model for process kinetics is proposed that involves lamellar fragmentation, lamellar thickening, divorced eutectoid growth and generation of new lamellar faults in remaining cementite lamellae in each cycle. Lamellar fragmentation is accentuated with faster rate of cooling through generation of more intense lamellar faults; but divorced eutectoid growth is ceased. Accordingly, as compared to still air cooling, much faster kinetics of lamellar disintegration is obtained by forced air cooling together with the generation of much smaller submicroscopic cementite particles (containing more proportion of plate-shaped non-spheroids) in divorced eutectoid region. 相似文献
216.
During perception, people segment continuous activity into discrete events. They do so in part by monitoring changes in features of an ongoing activity. Characterizing these features is important for theories of event perception and may be helpful for designing information systems. The three experiments reported here asked whether the body movements of an actor predict when viewers will perceive event boundaries. Body movements were recorded using a magnetic motion tracking system and compared with viewers’ segmentation of his activity into events. Changes in movement features were strongly associated with segmentation. This was more true for fine-grained than for coarse-grained boundaries, and was strengthened when the stimulus displays were reduced from live-action movies to simplified animations. These results suggest that movement variables play an important role in the process of segmenting activity into meaningful events, and that the influence of movement on segmentation depends on the availability of other information sources. 相似文献
217.
Spirituality in Disability and Illness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Spirituality appears with increasing frequency in the research literature, and a paradigm involving mind-body-spirit interaction is emerging. The relationship of spirituality to disability and illness is at the center of a growing body of knowledge. A comprehensive literature review supported spirituality as coping method among individuals experiencing a variety of illnesses including hypertension, pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic renal failure, surgery, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, HIV/AIDS, polio and addictive illnesses. Additionally, spirituality is a resource when dealing with critical illness as well as terminal illness and end of life issues, and it is utilized by both patients, and family members. Discussion of research findings, implications for health care practice and future research is also presented. 相似文献
218.
219.
Robert A. Steer David A. Clark Geetha Kumar Aaron T. Beck 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(3):163-170
To investigate the common and specific dimensions of anxiety and depression in adolescents, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI;
Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. Manual for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation 1993a) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., &
Brown, G. K. Manual for Beck Depression Inventory (2nd Ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation 1996) were administered to 840 adolescent (13–17 years old) outpatients
who were diagnosed with various types of psychiatric disorders. A Schmid-Leiman transformation was used with the iterated-principal-factor
pattern matrix of the BAI and the BDI-II loadings. The amounts of orthogonalized common variance that were explained by the
one second-order (56%), one first-order depression (22%), and two first-order anxiety (22%) dimensions were comparable to
those previously reported for adult psychiatric outpatients. The results were discussed as supporting the construct of negative
affectivity that is proposed in L. A. Clark and Watson’s (1991) tripartite model of anxiety and depression.
相似文献
Robert A. SteerEmail: |
220.
Ted K. Turesky Sarah K.G. Jensen Xi Yu Swapna Kumar Yingying Wang Danielle D. Sliva Borjan Gagoski Joseph Sanfilippo Lilla Zllei Emma Boyd Rashidul Haque Shahria Hafiz Kakon Nazrul Islam William A. Petri Charles A. Nelson Nadine Gaab 《Developmental science》2019,22(5)
Childhood poverty has been associated with structural and functional alterations in the developing brain. However, poverty does not alter brain development directly, but acts through associated biological or psychosocial risk factors (e.g. malnutrition, family conflict). Yet few studies have investigated risk factors in the context of infant neurodevelopment, and none have done so in low‐resource settings such as Bangladesh, where children are exposed to multiple, severe biological and psychosocial hazards. In this feasibility and pilot study, usable resting‐state fMRI data were acquired in infants from extremely poor (n = 16) and (relatively) more affluent (n = 16) families in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Whole‐brain intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) was estimated using bilateral seeds in the amygdala, where iFC has shown susceptibility to early life stress, and in sensory areas, which have exhibited less susceptibility to early life hazards. Biological and psychosocial risk factors were examined for associations with iFC. Three resting‐state networks were identified in within‐group brain maps: medial temporal/striatal, visual, and auditory networks. Infants from extremely poor families compared with those from more affluent families exhibited greater (i.e. less negative) iFC in precuneus for amygdala seeds; however, no group differences in iFC were observed for sensory area seeds. Height‐for‐age, a proxy for malnutrition/infection, was not associated with amygdala/precuneus iFC, whereas prenatal family conflict was positively correlated. Findings suggest that it is feasible to conduct infant fMRI studies in low‐resource settings. Challenges and practical steps for successful implementations are discussed. 相似文献