全文获取类型
收费全文 | 30768篇 |
免费 | 525篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 83篇 |
2022年 | 112篇 |
2021年 | 146篇 |
2020年 | 207篇 |
2019年 | 219篇 |
2018年 | 3715篇 |
2017年 | 3043篇 |
2016年 | 2497篇 |
2015年 | 427篇 |
2014年 | 337篇 |
2013年 | 1273篇 |
2012年 | 1124篇 |
2011年 | 2899篇 |
2010年 | 2811篇 |
2009年 | 1701篇 |
2008年 | 2092篇 |
2007年 | 2499篇 |
2006年 | 382篇 |
2005年 | 516篇 |
2004年 | 391篇 |
2003年 | 345篇 |
2002年 | 294篇 |
2001年 | 286篇 |
2000年 | 315篇 |
1999年 | 209篇 |
1998年 | 98篇 |
1997年 | 77篇 |
1996年 | 73篇 |
1993年 | 69篇 |
1992年 | 141篇 |
1991年 | 132篇 |
1990年 | 137篇 |
1989年 | 116篇 |
1988年 | 115篇 |
1987年 | 108篇 |
1986年 | 108篇 |
1985年 | 116篇 |
1984年 | 105篇 |
1983年 | 83篇 |
1979年 | 123篇 |
1976年 | 73篇 |
1975年 | 83篇 |
1974年 | 110篇 |
1973年 | 100篇 |
1972年 | 84篇 |
1971年 | 88篇 |
1970年 | 84篇 |
1969年 | 91篇 |
1968年 | 85篇 |
1967年 | 96篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Two experiments involving paired comparisons of numerical and nonnumerical expressions of uncertainty are reported. Subjects were timed under two opposing sets of instructions ("choose higher probability" vs. "choose lower probability"). Numerical comparisons were consistently faster and easier than their nonnumerical counterparts. Consistent distance and congruity effects were obtained, illustrating that both numerical and nonnumerical expressions of uncertainty contain subjective magnitude information, and suggesting that similar processes are employed in manipulating and comparing numerical and verbal terms. To account for the general pattern of results obtained, Holyoak's reference point model (1978) was generalized by explicitly including the vagueness of the nonnumerical expressions. This generalized model is based on the notion that probability expressions can be represented by membership functions (Wallsten, Budescu, Rapoport, Zwick, & Forsyth, 1986) from which measures of location for each word, and measures of overlap for each pair can be derived. A good level of fit was obtained for this model at the individual level. 相似文献
92.
Bengt O. Muthén 《Psychometrika》1989,54(3):385-396
The problem of detecting instructional sensitivity (item basis) in test items is considered. An illustration is given which shows that for tests with many biased items, traditional item bias detection schemes give a very poor assessment of bias. A new method is proposed instead. This method extends item response theory (IRT) by including item-specific auxiliary measurement information related to opportunity-to-learn. Item-specific variation in measurement relations across students with varying opportunity-to-learn is allowed for.This paper was presented at the 1987 AERA meeting in Washington, DC. This research was supported by grant OERI-G-86-003 from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Department of Education. The author thanks Michael Hollis and Chih-fen Kao for valuable research assistance, and appreciates valuable comments made by an anonymous reviewer. 相似文献
93.
V G Cicirelli 《Psychology and aging》1989,4(2):211-216
On the basis of an adult model of sibling attachment, I hypothesized that the well-being of older persons depends on their perception of the closeness of the sibling bond, on their perception of any disruption of that bond, and on the sex combination of the siblings being considered. In all, 83 persons, aged 61 to 91 years, were interviewed about their relationships with each of their living siblings. They rated their feelings of closeness, conflict or rivalry, and indifference to the sibling. A measure of depression was used as the indicator of well-being. Separate correlational analyses were carried out for the four sex combinations of siblings. Closeness of the bond to a sister (by both men and women) was related to less depression. Also, women's perceptions of conflict and indifference in their relationships with sisters were related to increased depression. Findings are interpreted in terms of attachment theory and sex role expectations. 相似文献
94.
95.
J V Montville 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》1989,37(2):297-318
The author reviews aspects of psychoanalytic theory which have helped him in his career as an American diplomat and political analyst. He cites the works of Erikson (1950, 1968, 1969), Volkan (1979, 1987), and Mack (1979, 1983) as especially helpful, and praises the late Jeanne Knutson, founder of the International Society of Political Psychology, for her work on the psychology of victimhood. The role and function of completed and incomplete mourning are discussed as fundamental aspects of unresolved ethnic and sectarian conflict, and the importance of asking and granting forgiveness in the resolution of violent political conflict is explored. The paper ends with a specific application of the meaning of forgiveness in the relationship between Christians and Jews. 相似文献
96.
97.
A new method is proposed for estimating factor means and factor covariances in a group of individuals selected on their observed scores. The selection variable is, for example, the total score on an admissions test. Given a factor model for the test items based on the group of test takers, we may be interested in the factor structure for those in the top quartile. The differences in factor means and covariances between this selected group and the full group gives useful information both on successful test performance and on test validity. The new method draws on the classic Pearson-Lawley selection formulas. It avoids the fallacy of factor analysis on the selected group, which would lead to incorrect estimates. The new method is applied to a simple factor structure model for the GMAT test. Although the majority of the GMAT items test verbal skills, it is found that a quantitative factor shows the greatest change in moving from average to top quartile test takers. 相似文献
98.
Research-structured vs clinically flexible versions of social learning-based marital therapy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N S Jacobson K B Schmaling A Holtzworth-Munroe J L Katt L F Wood V M Follette 《Behaviour research and therapy》1989,27(2):173-180
The purpose of this study was to compare our structured research-based version of marital therapy from a social learning perspective with a clinically flexible version of the same treatment where treatment plans were individually-based and there was no specific number of treatment sessions. Thirty distressed married couples were randomly assigned to one of these two treatments. Assessment of outcome was based on global marital satisfaction, spouse reports of functioning in specific areas, and direct observational measures of communication. At posttest there were no differences in efficacy between structured and flexible treatments, although both treatments led to significant improvements. At a 6-month follow-up couples treated with the structured format were more likely to have deteriorated and flexibly treated couples were more likely to have maintained their treatment gains. 相似文献
99.
The field of infant perceptual development has relied heavily on the preferential-looking and habituation paradigms. Despite the obvious advantages of employing standardized methodologies, there is a need to study how perceptual variables give rise to and guide action beginning in the neonatal period. It is argued here that, in the first 5 months of life, it is important to distinguish reflexive patterns of movement from voluntary and cortically controlled patterns. Some criteria are defined. This paper describes three experiments which utilized movement counters to record developmental changes in the frequency and synchrony of limb movements in infants under 5 months. The results show that there is a general increase in frequency of limb movements from 1 to 5 months, but with a plateau or even a decrease in activity from the middle of the third month to the end of the fourth month. It was also demonstrated that synchrony scores (co-activation) for pairs of limbs showed significant increases from 1 month to 5 months. Finally, in all three experiments the presentation of an attractive toy resulted in suppression of activity. The results of the three experiments are interpreted to measure a gradual increase in cortically controlled movement patterns. 相似文献
100.
Late-middle-aged and elderly normal volunteers with past histories of Major Depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edition-revised) criteria were compared with sex- and age-matched control subjects using topographic electroencephalographic (EEG) indices. Healthy, euthymic recovered depressed subjects showed greater alpha amplitudes than controls. Delta, theta, and beta amplitudes did not reliably distinguish the groups. Considered in the context of previous research indicating that actively depressed subjects exhibit elevated EEG alpha compared to controls, these findings raise questions concerning state and trait conceptualizations of depression and EEG alpha. 相似文献