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71.
Ute Habel Egbert Kühn Jasmin B. Salloum Helmut Devos Frank Schneider 《Aggressive behavior》2002,28(5):394-400
Emotional‐processing deficits may be one of the characteristic features of impaired affect in individuals with psychopathy. These include shallowness and profound lack of remorse or empathy. Performances on standardized emotion discrimination tasks and mood induction tasks were compared between 17 patients with antisocial personality disorder (DSM‐IV) and 17 nonpsychopaths. Subjects with psychopathic personality demonstrated poorer performance on emotion‐discrimination tasks compared with controls. However, higher scores on factor “emotional detachment” of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL‐R) were associated with better discrimination ability. Subjective ratings were comparable between groups during mood induction. Although the findings support the hypothesis of a significant association between impaired emotional processing and psychopathy, they also suggest a relationship between emotional discrimination and the core personality features of psychopathy. Aggr. Behav. 28:394–400, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
72.
Spaniol J Bayen UJ 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2002,28(4):631-651
Source monitoring involves judgments regarding the origin of information (M. K. Johnson, S. Hashtroudi, & D. S. Lindsay, 1993). When participants cannot remember the source in a source-monitoring task, they may guess according to their prior schematic knowledge (U. J. Bayen, G. V. Nakamura, S. E. Dupuis, & C.-L. Yang, 2000). The present study aimed at specifying conditions under which schematic knowledge is used in source monitoring. The authors examined the time course of schema-based guesses with a response-signal technique (A. V. Reed, 1973), and multinomial models that separate memory and guessing bias. Use of schematic knowledge was observed only when asymptotic old-new recognition was low. The time course of schematic-knowledge retrieval followed an exponential growth function. Implications for theories of source monitoring are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass der Missbrauch psychotroper Substanzen bei traumaassozierten psychischen Erkrankungen
geh?uft anzutreffen ist, werden m?gliche wechselseitige Zusammenh?nge zwischen Suchterkrankungen und Traumafolgest?rungen
er?rtert. Selbstverletzendes Verhalten stellt kein einheitliches, sondern ein für die klinisch psychologische Forschung sehr
komplexes und noch unzureichend erkl?rtes Ph?nomen dar. Selbstverletzendes Verhalten h?ngt zumeist mit frühen traumatischen
Erlebnissen zusammen, auf die nicht angemessen reagiert werden konnte. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen einer Stichtagserhebung
am Anton-Proksch-Institut wird ein ressourcenorientiertes Behandlungsmodul für traumatisierte, suchtkranke Frauen vorgestellt,
welches Stabilisierung und die Entwicklung von Selbstfürsorge umfasst. 相似文献
74.
75.
Cornelius J. Knig Klaus G. Melchers Martin Kleinmann Gerald M. Richter Ute‐Christine Klehe 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2007,15(3):283-292
In selection procedures like assessment centers (ACs) and structured interviews, candidates are often not informed about the targeted criteria. Previous studies have shown that candidates' ability to identify these criteria (ATIC) is related to their performance in the respective selection procedure. However, past research has studied ATIC in only one selection procedure at a time, even though it has been assumed that ATIC is consistent across situations, which is a prerequisite for ATIC to contribute to selection procedures' criterion‐related validity. In this study, 95 candidates participated in an AC and a structured interview. ATIC scores showed cross‐situational consistency across the two procedures and accounted for part of the relationship between performance in the selection procedures. Furthermore, ATIC scores in one procedure predicted performance in the other procedure even after controlling for cognitive ability. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
76.
Jonas W. B. Lang Martin Kersting Ute R. Hülsheger 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2010,18(3):321-328
Range restriction corrections require the predictor standard deviation in the applicant pool of interest. Unfortunately, this information is frequently not available in applied contexts. The common strategy in this type of situations is to use national‐norm standard deviation estimates. This study used data from 8,276 applicants applying to nine jobs in German governmental organizations to compare applicant pool standard deviations for two cognitive ability tests with national‐norm standard deviation estimates, and standard deviations for the total group of governmental applicants. Results revealed that job‐ and organizational context‐specific applicant pool standard deviations were on average about 10–12% smaller than estimates from national norms, and about 4–6% smaller than standard deviations for the total group of governmental applicants. 相似文献
77.
Rüdiger F. Pohl Ute J. Bayen Nina Arnold Tina-Sarah Auer Claudia Martin 《Journal of cognition and development》2018,19(3):278-300
Hindsight bias is the tendency to overestimate one’s prior knowledge of a fact or event after learning the actual fact. Recent research has suggested that age-related differences in hindsight bias may be based on age-related differences in inhibitory control. We tested whether this explanation held for 3 cognitive processes assumed to underlie hindsight bias: recollection bias, reconstruction bias, and the tendency to adopt newly acquired knowledge as old. We performed a typical hindsight-bias study with 9-year-olds, 12-year-olds, young adults, and older adults. Participants first gave numerical judgments to difficult almanac questions. They later received the correct judgments for some of the questions while trying to recall their own earlier judgments. To experimentally test the impact of inhibitory control, the correct judgment was presented either in a weak or in a strong manner that was difficult to ignore. Hindsight bias was larger in the strong condition than in the weak condition and followed a U-shaped life-span pattern with young adults showing the least hindsight bias in line with an inhibitory-control explanation. Yet, the mixture of underlying processes differed considerably between age groups, so inhibitory control did not suffice as a sole explanation of age differences. 相似文献
78.
79.
The Value of Values for Understanding Organizational Life: Editor’s Introduction to the Lead Article
Ute Stephan 《Psychologie appliquee》2020,69(2):223-229
In this introduction to the lead article on “Values at Work”, I summarize key points made in the lead article and its commentaries including those relating to the mechanisms and boundary conditions of value–behavior relationships. I highlight links with the organizational and management literature, which pays increasing attention to the role of values in organizations. I note that there are many synergies yet to be explored between, on the one hand, work on values traditionally rooted in social and cross-cultural psychology and as represented by the lead article and commentaries and, on the other hand, management and organizational research. One example is research on the values of strategic leaders and considering values as decision-making standards that can shape organizations and their management. 相似文献
80.
Ute Kunzmann 《Research in human development》2017,14(3):182-199
The authors provide a review of selected laboratory research on age differences in emotional functioning. The authors propose that this research area would benefit from an ecological approach in which the immediate context of emotional functioning is more explicitly considered. More specifically, to date many laboratory studies have used stimuli and tasks with little ecological validity and did not explicitly consider the possibility that the research setting and stimulus material might have age-differential effects on the outcome measures. This practice may have led to inconsistent findings across studies and narrow or incorrect conclusions in terms of older adults’ emotional functioning. 相似文献