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51.
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We used a novel musical Stroop task to demonstrate that musical notation is automatically processed in trained pianists. Numbers were superimposed onto musical notes, and participants played five-note sequences by mapping from numbers to fingers instead of from notes to fingers. Pianists' reaction times were significantly affected by the congruence of the note/number pairing. Nonmusicians were unaffected. In a nonmusical analogue of the task, pianists and nonmusicians showed a qualitative difference on performance of a vertical-to-horizontal stimulus-response mapping task. Pianists were faster when stimuli specifying a leftward response were presented in vertically lower locations and stimuli specifying a rightward response were presented in vertically higher locations. Nonmusicians showed the reverse pattern. No group differences were found on a task that required horizontal-to-horizontal mappings. We suggest that, as a result of learning to read and play keyboard music, pianists acquire vertical-to-horizontal visuomotor mappings that generalize outside the musical context. 相似文献
53.
Although the five primary senses have traditionally been thought of as separate, examples of their interactions, as well as the neural substrate possibly underlying them, have been identified. Arm position sense, for example, depends on touch, proprioception, and spatial vision of the limb. It is, however, unknown whether position sense is also influenced by more fundamental, nonspatial visual information. Here, we report an illusion that demonstrates that the position sense of the eyelid partly depends on information regarding the relative illumination reported by the two eyes. When only one eye is dark-adapted and both eyes are exposed to a dim environment, the lid of the light-adapted eye feels closed or "droopy." The effect decreases when covering the eye by hand or a patch, thus introducing tactile information congruent with the interocular difference in vision. This reveals that the integration of vision with touch and proprioception is not restricted to higher-level spatial vision, but is instead a more fundamental aspect of sensory processing than has been previously shown. 相似文献
54.
Hippocampal Activations during Repetitive Learning and Recall of Geometric Patterns 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Georg Grn Daniel Bittner Bernd Schmitz Arthur P. Wunderlich Reinhard Tomczak Matthias W. Riepe 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2001,8(6):336-345
Hippocampal activation is required for episodic memory. Encoding and retrieval of novel and memorable items have been related to different locations in the hippocampus; however, the data remain ambiguous. The application of a newly designed keyboard allowed investigation of brain activation during encoding and free immediate and delayed recall with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in young healthy controls (n=12). Because of the repetitive learning and recall conditions, an individual learning gradient was used to contrast neural activity at different individual levels of novelty. During learning, subjects were asked to memorize 10 geometric patterns requiring the establishment of intra-item associations for memorization. After learning, subjects were asked to recall the items actively via the keyboard. Learning and recall were alternated five times. Delayed recall was scanned about 15 min after the fifth immediate recall condition without subjects having seen the items again. Left-sided anterior hippocampal activity was observed during conditions of initial learning as well as maximum recall. Neural activity during delayed recall did not reveal hippocampal responses and was characterized by a transition of neural activity from occipitoparietal regions to bilateral temporal cortices. We conclude that both lateralization and segregation depend on the specific relational characteristics of the stimuli requiring establishment of intra-item associations for encoding as well as retrieval. The absence of hippocampal activation during delayed recall together with the increase of lateral temporal involvement possibly corresponds with an emerging transition from episodic to long-term memory. 相似文献
55.
Stefan Bittner 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2000,19(1-2):83-108
Few pedagogical theories and practices have met with such strong reactive ambivalence in Germany as Dewey’s. As it contained
the ideas of democracy and pragmatism it clashed with the monarchial and idealistic patterns of school-practice and pedagogic
theory right from the beginning. On the other hand, reformists of all kinds were overwhelmed with enthusiasm. But even in
the democratic phases of political development this ambivalence continued. The tradition of setting metaphysical and religious
backgrounds stood in the way of a free examination of Dewey. Therefore, the reception has, up until now, been signed by mistakes
and misinterpretations, but also by a minority of fruitful debates. 相似文献
56.
C. J. Darwin Jane Oakhill Tim Valentine H. Christopher Longuet-Higgings C. R. Cavonius Uta Frith Sine McDougall Henry Shaffer Alan Parkin Nicola Yuill 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1989,41(3):643-653
Hearing Haggerd, M. P. & Evans, E. F. (Eds.). 1987. British Medical Bulletin, 43 (4), 775-1037. ISBN 0-443-02899-6. £22.50.
Perlmutter, M. (Ed.) (1986). Perspectives on intellectual development : The Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology. Vol. 19. Hillsdale,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pp. 261. ISBN 0-89859-784-6. £19.95.
Ellis, H. D., Jeeves, M. A., Newcombe, F., & Young, A. (Eds.) (1986). Aspects of face processing. Bordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff. Pp. 509. ISBN 90-247-3357-X. £80.25.
Gabrielsson, A. (Ed.) (1987). Action and perception in shythm and music. Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Pp. 237. ISBN 91-85428-51-5.
Dowling, John E. (1987). The Retina. Cambridge, MA, and London :Belknap Press. Pp. xiv + 282. ISBN 0-674-76680-6. $29.95.
Foorman, B. R. & Siegel, A. W. (1986). Acquisition of reading skills : Cultural constraints and cognitive universals. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pp. 168. ISBN 0-89859-642-4. £15.00.
Stillings, N., Feinstein, M., Garfield, J., Rissland, E., Rosenbaum, D., Weisler, S., & Baker-Ward, L. (1987). Cognitive science : An introduction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pp. 533. ISBN 0-262-19257-8. £22.50.
Kapur, N. (1988). Memory disorders in clinical practice. London:Butterworths. Pp. 289. ISBN 0-407-00712-1. £39.50.
Bussis, A. M., Chittenden, E. A. Amarel, M. & Klausner, E. (1985). Inquiry into meaning: An invetigation of learning to read. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pp. 367. ISBN 0-89859-504-5. £32.95. 相似文献
Perlmutter, M. (Ed.) (1986). Perspectives on intellectual development : The Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology. Vol. 19. Hillsdale,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pp. 261. ISBN 0-89859-784-6. £19.95.
Ellis, H. D., Jeeves, M. A., Newcombe, F., & Young, A. (Eds.) (1986). Aspects of face processing. Bordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff. Pp. 509. ISBN 90-247-3357-X. £80.25.
Gabrielsson, A. (Ed.) (1987). Action and perception in shythm and music. Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Pp. 237. ISBN 91-85428-51-5.
Dowling, John E. (1987). The Retina. Cambridge, MA, and London :Belknap Press. Pp. xiv + 282. ISBN 0-674-76680-6. $29.95.
Foorman, B. R. & Siegel, A. W. (1986). Acquisition of reading skills : Cultural constraints and cognitive universals. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pp. 168. ISBN 0-89859-642-4. £15.00.
Stillings, N., Feinstein, M., Garfield, J., Rissland, E., Rosenbaum, D., Weisler, S., & Baker-Ward, L. (1987). Cognitive science : An introduction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pp. 533. ISBN 0-262-19257-8. £22.50.
Kapur, N. (1988). Memory disorders in clinical practice. London:Butterworths. Pp. 289. ISBN 0-407-00712-1. £39.50.
Bussis, A. M., Chittenden, E. A. Amarel, M. & Klausner, E. (1985). Inquiry into meaning: An invetigation of learning to read. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pp. 367. ISBN 0-89859-504-5. £32.95. 相似文献
57.
58.
Ria Beßler Johanna Bendas Uta Sailer Ilona Croy 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(3):446-455
Touch is a crucial factor of physiological and psychological health in humans. A lack of touch in contrast is associated with adverse implications on mental health. A new “Longing for Interpersonal Touch Picture Questionnaire (LITPQ)” was developed and tested for its concurrent, predictive, discriminant and face validity as well as its relation to psychological distress. Six different types of touch were depicted and touch frequency and touch wish concerning different interaction partners assessed. A sample of 110 participants aged 18–56 years completed the LITPQ as well as an existing touch deprivation questionnaire and a questionnaire on mental health. Frequency and wish for touch were higher for close interaction partners than for strangers. For 72.7% of the participants, their touch wish exceeded the reported touch frequency. The LITPQ correlated moderately with the existing questionnaire for touch deprivation and was independent of relationship status or gender but positively correlated with depressiveness, anxiety and somatization. Measuring longing for touch is a very complex task considering the many aspects of subjective touch perception and confounds in the method of self-report of touch. In our view, the LITPQ provides promising insights into this matter. 相似文献
59.
60.
Rogers TT Hocking J Noppeney U Mechelli A Gorno-Tempini ML Patterson K Price CJ 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2006,6(3):201-213
Studies of semantic impairment arising from brain disease suggest that the anterior temporal lobes are critical for semantic
abilities in humans; yet activation of these regions is rarely reported in functional imaging studies of healthy controls
performing semantic tasks. Here, we combined neuropsychological and PE T functional imaging data to show that when healthy
subjects identify concepts at a specific level, the regions activated correspond to the site of maximal atrophy in patients
with relatively pure semantic impairment. The stimuli were color photographs of common animals or vehicles, and the task was
category verification at specific (e.g., robin), intermediate (e.g., bird), or general (e.g., animal) levels. Specific, relative to general, categorization activated the antero-lateral temporal cortices bilaterally, despite
matching of these experimental conditions for difficulty. Critically, in patients with atrophy in precisely these areas, the
most pronounced deficit was in the retrieval of specific semantic information. 相似文献