辨别任务中线索有效性对儿童返回抑制发展的影响

采用辨别任务范式,运用三个3×3×3的混合实验设计(线索有效性、年级、靶子出现位置),考察了3种线索-靶子时间间隔下线索有效性对辨别任务中儿童返回抑制发展的影响。结果表明:(1)随着年龄的增长,儿童完成任务所需的反应时逐渐缩短;(2)随着年龄的增长,儿童出现返回抑制所需的SOA缩短;(3)辨别任务的难度比较大,所需的认知技能和工作记忆更多,因此返回抑制出现的机制也就更复杂,线索有效性对辨别任务下的返回抑制的影响并没有呈现出规律性的变化。     

组织认同问卷（OIQ）在教师样本中的修订

在两个教师群体样本中,对Cheney编制的组织认同问卷（OIQ）进行修订。对338名中小学教师施测结果的探索性因素分析表明,教师组织认同为单因素结构模型;对256名高校教师施测结果的验证性因素分析支持了单因素模型的观点。在两个样本中,教师组织认同问卷的内部一致性系数均为0.92;教师组织认同问卷的内容效度和效标效度良好。     

组织公正、组织认同与教师离职意向的关系

通过对700名教师施测Mael和Tetrick组织认同问卷、组织公正问卷和离职意向问卷,结果发现：（1）组织公正能够正向的预测个体的组织认同水平;（2）组织公正能够负向的预测个体的离职意向水平;（3）组织认同在组织公正和离职意向关系中的中介作用不显著。     

论我国刑法妨害传染病防治罪的完善

认为妨害传染病防治罪的可罚范围有待拓宽,应将一些乙类传染病和其他突发性强、致死率高的传染病纳入本罪规制的范围;行为方式有待明确,运用刑法典与附属刑法相配合的立法模式是一种较为理想的做法;刑罚设置上有待进一步完善,增加罚金刑的适用,对后果特别严重的情形可以结果加重犯来处理。     

Use of eye movement to measure smokers' attentional bias to smoking-related cues.

Smokers have attentional biases towards smoking-related cues, and such cues elicit cravings. Smokers also feel anxious during nicotine deprivation, and anxiety may exacerbate attentional biases toward aversive cues. We examined the attentional bias of smokers (n = 14) and a control group of nonsmokers (n = 16) towards smoking-related and aversive cues. Using an eye-tracking device, we measured eye movement when smoking-related, aversive, and control cues were presented simultaneously. We analyzed the number of initial fixations, and gaze duration, to identify the attentional bias. Smokers initially fixed their gaze on aversive cues, and maintained their gaze longer on smoking-related cues, in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that smokers show biased attentional orientation to smoking-related and aversive cues.     

网络使用经验对动作动词加工的影响

具身认知理论认为高级概念认知和低级感知觉认知紧密关联, 且两者共享相同的神经系统。本研究设计了3个实验：实验1观察面部表情动词加工是否受面部情绪表达的影响, 结果发现网络使用经验多的被试在促进和抑制面部积极表情条件下对动词的反应没有表现出显著差异。实验2探讨网络使用经验对肢体动作词汇加工的影响, 结果发现网络使用经验多的被试在动词?名词转换时没有产生显著认知损耗。实验3探讨两类被试对正常序列和随机序列图式动词加工是否有差异, 结果发现网络使用经验多的个体对随机序列和正常序列的回忆成绩并无显著差异。本研究从动词认知加工角度验证了高级认知与低级感知觉加工间的紧密联系, 揭示了网络行为与高级认知加工间的相关关系。     

Differences in Friendship Networks and Experiences of Cyberbullying Among Korean and Australian Adolescents

ABSTRACT

Cyberbullying is one of the negative consequences of online social interaction. The digital environment enables adolescents to engage in online social interaction beyond the traditional physical boundaries of families, neighborhoods, and schools. The authors examined connections to friendship networks in both online and offline settings are related to their experiences as victims, perpetrators, and bystanders of cyberbullying. A comparative face-to-face survey of adolescents (12–15-year-olds) was conducted in Korea (n = 520) and Australia (n = 401). The results reveal that online networks are partially related to cyberbullying in both countries, showing the size of social network sites was significantly correlated with experience cyberbullying among adolescents in both countries. However there were cultural differences in the impact of friendship networks on cyberbullying. The size of the online and offline networks has a stronger impact on the cyberbullying experiences in Korea than it does in Australia. In particular, the number of friends in cliques was positively related to both bullying and victimization in Korea.     

Does content matter? The effect of remorseful tone on length of prison sentence

The expression of remorse by offenders has been found to affect jurors' determination of length of prison sentences. This study explores this phenomenon by contrasting the impact of exercising remorse solely in words or through emotional tone. Remorse consists of guilt, shame and sorrow. This study examines the contribution of each of these emotions to judgements about prison sentences, which is an area seldom explored in the literature. It is shown that regardless of the gender of the offender, participants censured a significantly more severe punishment for the offender who expressed a sense of remorse using words rather than tone. In addition, only shame was a significant predictor of the severity of punishment. These findings are consistent with previous studies and further differentiate the influence of displaying remorse at the content and tonal levels.     

Gross情绪调节模型及对心理健康的影响

Gross的情绪调节理论指出,在情绪发生过程中的情绪调节主要有情景选择、情景修正、注意分配、认知改变和反应调整五个方面。其中情景选择、情景修正、注意分配、认知改变是在情绪反应趋势形成之前发生,属于先行关注情绪调节;反应调整是在情景反应形成之后发生,属于反应关注情绪调节。同时Gross还提出了两种最常用的情绪调节策略——认知重评和表达抑制,并分析了它们对心理健康的影响。