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311.
Ursula W. Goodenough 《Zygon》1994,29(4):603-618
Abstract. A cell/molecular biologist challenges the thesis that science and religion are two ways of experiencing and interpreting the world and explores instead the possible ways that the modern biological worldview might serve as a resource for religious perspectives. Three concepts—meaning, valuation, and purpose—are argued to be central to the entire biological enterprise, and the continuation of this enterprise is regarded as a sacred religious trust. 相似文献
312.
Ursula W. Goodenough 《Zygon》1993,28(3):399-414
Abstract. Creativity is a concept far more often associated with art than with science. The creative dimension of scientific inquiry and practice is described and compared with its artistic counterpart; similarities and differences are analyzed. 相似文献
313.
Ursula Stockhorst Sibylle Klosterhalfen Wolfgang Klosterhalfen Martin Winkelmann Hans-Joachim Steingrueber 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1993,28(2):177-181
The delivery of cytotoxic drugs in cancer treatment is often accompanied by posttreatment side effects (e.g., nausea). Moreover,
there is evidence that cancer patients are at risk to develop these side effects in anticipation of chemotherapy (i.e., anticipatory
nausea [AN]). AN can be explained as the result of a classical conditioning process with the cytotoxic drug as the unconditioned
stimulus (US). Stimuli paired with the US (e.g., smells, tastes) can become conditioned stimuli (CSs) eliciting AN as the
conditioned response (CR). The present study was conducted to test whether AN shows characteristics of a CR. Fifty-five ambulatory
cancer patients were asked to record nine kinds of physical symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, sweating) on time-scheduled
symptom lists: after an infusion (indicating posttreatment symptoms) and prior to their next infusion (indicating anticipatory
symptoms). Each measurement period covered a maximum of 48 hours. AN was reported by ten patients (18.08%). Data revealed
(a) a statistically significant association between posttreatment nausea and vomiting, respectively, and AN; (b) the occurrence
of AN increased with drug emetogenity (i.e., US-intensity); and (c) the duration of AN increased with temporal proximity to
the infusion. The results support the conditioning model. Thus, it is proposed to prevent AN by classical conditioning techniques
(e.g., overshadowing). 相似文献
314.
Karen I. Van Der Zee Ursula Brinkmann 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2004,12(3):285-290
The psychometric qualities of the intercultural readiness check (IRC) were evaluated against an existing instrument for multicultural effectiveness: the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). The IRC has scales for intercultural sensitivity, intercultural communication, intercultural relationship building, conflict management, leadership and tolerance of ambiguity. A sample of in majority employees who were trained for an international position (N=137) participated in the study. The IRC scales were moderately to sufficiently reliable. Correlations with the MPQ scales were in the expected direction. Both instruments were equally strongly related to international inspiration, with open‐mindedness (MPQ) and intercultural sensitivity (IRC) as most important predictors. The IRC scales explained more variance in international experience. 相似文献
315.
Ursula King 《Zygon》2005,40(3):535-544
Abstract. John Caiazza's essay raises important controversial issues regarding the contemporary debates between science and religion. His arguments are largely presented in a dichotomous and rather adversarial mode with which I strongly disagree. Unable to present a detailed counterargument in this brief reflection, I ask, What is being spoken about, and who is speaking? What is meant by science and religion here? Neither term can be taken as a unified, essentialist category; both comprise many historical layers, possess numerous internal complexities, and invite a diversity of interpretations. I refer to the science of China, India, and the ancient Near East, all of which have fed into modern science, so that the sciences cannot be restricted to those of the modern West. Nor can religion be limited to the religious beliefs and practices of Western Christianity. I discuss the position/location/context of the author‐ Caiazza's as well as my own‐ after introducing Hans‐Georg Gadamer's idea of the “fusion of horizons,” which provides a rich vein for enhancing the debate between science and religion. To expand the respective horizons of their dialogue it will be important to move away from an adversarial, exclusionary spirit to a more collaborative and communicative framework that allows for the development of new ideals, new questions, new ways of knowing, and an ethical and socially responsible stance more centered on human needs and concerns. We may have to build an altogether new Athens and Jerusalem for this. 相似文献
316.
Paul D. Windschitl Andrew R. Smith Aaron M. Scherer Jerry Suls 《Thinking & reasoning》2017,23(3):259-291
When people encounter potential hazards, their expectations and behaviours can be shaped by a variety of factors including other people's expressions of verbal likelihood (e.g., unlikely to harm). What is the impact of such expressions when a person also has numeric likelihood estimates from the same source(s)? Two studies used a new task involving an abstract virtual environment in which people learned about and reacted to novel hazards. Verbal expressions attributed to peers influenced participants’ behaviour toward hazards even when numeric estimates were also available. Namely, verbal expressions suggesting that the likelihood of harm from a hazard is low (vs. higher) yielded more risk taking with respect to said hazard. There were also inverse collateral effects, whereby participants’ behaviour and estimates regarding another hazard in the same context were affected in the opposite direction. These effects may be based on directionality and relativity cues inferred from verbal likelihood expressions. 相似文献
317.
318.
Gamer J Schmukle SC Luka-Krausgrill U Egloff B 《Journal of personality assessment》2008,90(5):476-480
In this study, we analyzed changes in the strength of self-anxiety associations--as measured by the Implicit Association Test-Anxiety (IAT-Anxiety; Egloff & Schmukle, 2002) and the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory (SPAI; Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Stanley, 1989)--following treatment of social anxiety. We assessed socially anxious participants (N = 24) prior to and following a group-based treatment; and we assessed healthy controls (N = 24) at matched time points. Results showed (a) higher implicit and explicit anxiety in socially anxious participants (as compared to controls) prior to treatment and (b) reductions in IAT-Anxiety and SPAI scores of socially anxious participants following treatment. We discuss implications of these results for clinical applications of the IAT. 相似文献
319.
Melissa A Lewis M Christina Hove Ursula Whiteside Christine M Lee Benjamin S Kirkeby Laura Oster-Aaland Clayton Neighbors Mary E Larimer 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2008,22(1):58-67
The present research was conducted to clarify the relationships among social anxiety, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and negative-reinforcement drinking motives among college students. Heavy drinking students (N = 316, 53.80% female) completed self-report measures of social anxiety, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and drinking motives. Findings indicated that students higher in social anxiety consumed less alcohol but experienced more negative consequences. Moreover, the relationship between social anxiety and negative consequences was mediated by coping and conformity drinking motives in addition to alcohol consumption. In the context of social anxiety, the current research demonstrates the importance of examining problematic drinking as distinct constructs: alcohol consumption and negative consequences. Findings are also discussed in terms of implications for interventions with socially anxious students. 相似文献
320.
Fundamental to infants' acquisition of their native language is an inherent interest in the language spoken around them over non-linguistic environmental sounds. The following studies explored whether the bias for linguistic signals in hearing infants is specific to speech, or reflects a general bias for all human language, spoken and signed. Results indicate that 6-month-old infants prefer an unfamiliar, visual-gestural language (American Sign Language) over non-linguistic pantomime, but 10-month-olds do not. These data provide evidence against a speech-specific bias in early infancy and provide insights into those properties of human languages that may underlie this language-general attentional bias. 相似文献