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131.
The goal of this study is to investigate the consistency of diachronous ratings of subjective well-being (SWB). A heterogeneous sample (25-74-year-olds; N = 3,596) provided ratings of their present SWB, reconstructed their SWB of 10 years ago, and anticipated their SWB 10 years from now. Developmental tasks and self-evaluative principles were used to predict age differences in diachronous consistency. As predicted, in young adulthood, past SWB was rated lower and future SWB higher than present SWB. In contrast, in later adulthood, the past was rated higher and the future lower than present SWB. Analyses of rank-order consistency demonstrated that in later adulthood both future and past SWB were more strongly related to present SWB than in young adulthood. Results show how models of self-evaluation play out at different points in the life span. 相似文献
132.
Hess U 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2003,3(1):76-80; discussion 92-6
P. Rozin and A. B. Cohen (2003) contend that confusion is an emotion because it is valenced, it has a distinct facial expression, and it has a distinct internal state. On the basis of these criteria, they call for further study of this unstudied stateand challenge emotion researchers to consider "confusion" to be an emotion. The author agrees with Rozin and Cohen (2003) that confusion is an affective state, is valenced, has an (internal) object, may be expressed facially, and that laypersons may, under certain circumstances, consider it an emotion. However, its expression is likely to be an expressive component of emotions for which goal obstruction is central. Further, confusion may also not be as commonly considered an emotion by laypersons, as Rozin and Cohen contend. Finally, confusion is not unstudied, only most of the time it is not emotion researchers who do the researching. 相似文献
133.
Rudnick A 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2001,22(6):505-517
A meta-ethical analysis demonstrates that care ethics is a grounded in a distinct mode of moral reasoning. This is comprised
primarily of the rejection of principles such as impartiality, and the endorsement of emotional or moral virtues such as compassion,
as well as the notion that the preservation of relations may override the interests of the individuals involved in them. The
main conclusion of such a meta-ethical analysis is that such meta-ethical foundations of care ethics are not sound. Reasonable
alternatives for care ethics may be its formulation as an additional principle within an established principlist framework,
or the move to a dialogical ethics, where the good to be acted upon is not decided in advance but rather critically discussed
and established within the encounter of the parties involved.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
134.
135.
Emotional mimicry of older adults’ expressions: effects of partial inclusion in a Cyberball paradigm
As intergenerational interactions increase due to an ageing population, the study of emotion-related responses to the elderly is increasingly relevant. Previous research found mixed results regarding affective mimicry – a measure related to liking and affiliation. In the current study, we investigated emotional mimicry to younger and older actors following an encounter with a younger and older player in a Cyberball game. In a complete exclusion condition, in which both younger and older players excluded the participant, we expected emotional mimicry to be stronger for younger vs. older actors. In a partial inclusion condition, in which the younger player excluded while the older player included the participant, we predicted that the difference in player behaviour would lead to a difference in liking. This increased liking of the older interaction partner should reduce the difference in emotional mimicry towards the two different age groups. Results revealed more mimicry for older actors following partial inclusion especially for negative emotions, suggesting inclusive behaviour by an older person in an interaction as a possible means to increase mimicry and affiliation to the elderly. 相似文献
136.
137.
Anna Ursula Dreher 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2016,32(3):299-316
In discussions on the plurality or the pluralism of different theoretical approaches in psychoanalysis there is often talk about “Babylonian” circumstances, at times connected with the hope of being able to leave language confusion and communication problems behind. The author takes up the metaphor “Babel”, describes constructive and destructive facets of the actual state inside the psychoanalytic Babel and illustrates with examples some problems but also the potentials of the analytic discourse. She pleads for giving the potentials inside Babel a chance before looking for solutions beyond Babel. In the field of tension between inside and beyond Babel approaches are described how to tolerate the diversity of other language games, to acknowledge it and to deal with it. 相似文献
138.
Geoffrey Hall Ursula Stockhorst Paul Enck Sibylle Klosterhalfen 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2016,69(6):1227-1238
Volunteer participants underwent nausea-inducing body rotation in a distinctive context, and the acquired ability of the contextual cues to evoke nausea was subsequently assessed by a symptom rating scale. One group received prior exposure to the context (a latent inhibition procedure); a second consumed a novel flavour prior to rotation (an overshadowing procedure); a third group experienced both procedures; and a control group received neither. When tested in the context in the absence of rotation, all groups reported an increase in nausea-related symptoms at the time when rotation had previously occurred, an outcome consistent with the occurrence of conditioned nausea. The magnitude of this increase did not differ across the groups, but the overall level of responsiveness (the degree to which nausea-related symptoms were reported) was enhanced in the latent inhibition and reduced in the overshadowing condition. Cortisol levels showed the same pattern. The implications of these findings for the proposal that overshadowing and latent inhibition procedures might be used to control the development of anticipatory nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy is considered. 相似文献
139.
Ursula Kreuzer-Haustein 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2001,17(2):99-117
Zusammenfassung. Das Ph?nomen Langeweile wird als Ich-Zustand und als Beziehungsgeschehen in der analytischen Situation untersucht. Das in
der psychoanalytischen Literatur vorherrschende Verst?ndnis der Langeweile als Abwehr libidin?ser und aggressiver Triebwünsche
und als charakterologische Abwehr schwerer maligner Depression und psychosenaher Zust?nde wird um die Frage erweitert, unter
welchen seelischen Bedingungen Langeweile toleriert werden kann und als übergangszustand kreative und regenerative M?glichkeiten
in sich birgt. Diese Dialektik von Abwehr und kreativer Ich-Leistung bildet den Rahmen für das klinische Material. Drei exemplarische
Fallsequenzen dienen der Darstellung sehr unterschiedlicher Qualit?ten und Schweregrade der Langeweile in der analytischen
Beziehung. Die in der Langeweile abgewehrten Affekte und Beziehungsqualit?ten – Langeweile als übertragungswiderstand – werden
untersucht: Langeweile als „geheimer Zuchtmeister der Triebe” dient der Abwehr inzestu?s-?dipaler Triebwünsche; sie schützt
vor nicht tolerierbaren Leerzust?nden und depressiven Affekten, die mit traumatischen Erinnerungen verbunden sind; sie fungiert
schlie?lich in Form von l?hmender, „t?dlicher” Langeweile als ein übertragungswiderstand, in dem der Patient die Beziehung
zur Analytikerin vor destruktiver Bem?chtigung und sadistischen Triebwünschen zu schützen versucht. Die Arbeit wird durch
einige philosophische und literarische Passagen (Oblomow) erg?nzt, die auf die Langeweile als kulturhistorisch interessantes
Sujet verweisen.
Psychodynamics of boredom
Summary. The phenomenon of boredom is examined as ego state and as reflection of the relationship within the analytic situation. In psychoanalytical literature boredom is predominantly viewed as defence against libidinal and aggressive wishes and as characterological defence against serious malignant depression and states close to psychosis; here the question is extended to the consideration under what psychological conditions boredom may be tolerated and may even constitute a transitional phase towards the development of creative and regenerative potential. The dialectics of repression and creative ego-achievement form the framework for the discussion of the clinical material. Three casework sequences illustrate vastly differing aspects of boredom both in its intrinsic qualities and its degree in the analytic relationship. The affects and relationship qualities which are repressed in boredom – i.e. boredom as transference resistance – are considered: boredom as ”secred tamer of the drives” serves the repression of incestuous/oedipal drives; it serves as a protection against intolerable emptiness and the depressive affects relating to posttraumatic memories; and, finally, as crippling ”deadly” boredom it may function as transference resistance whereby the patient attempts to protect the analytic relationship from destructive usurpation and sadistic wishes. The paper concludes with some philosophical and literary passages (Oblomov) which illustrate interesting cultural and historical facets of the subject.相似文献
140.
Ursula Coope 《亚里斯多德学会会刊》2001,101(1):359-367