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391.
Ursula W. Goodenough 《Zygon》1994,29(4):603-618
Abstract. A cell/molecular biologist challenges the thesis that science and religion are two ways of experiencing and interpreting the world and explores instead the possible ways that the modern biological worldview might serve as a resource for religious perspectives. Three concepts—meaning, valuation, and purpose—are argued to be central to the entire biological enterprise, and the continuation of this enterprise is regarded as a sacred religious trust. 相似文献
392.
Ursula W. Goodenough 《Zygon》1993,28(3):399-414
Abstract. Creativity is a concept far more often associated with art than with science. The creative dimension of scientific inquiry and practice is described and compared with its artistic counterpart; similarities and differences are analyzed. 相似文献
393.
Ursula Stockhorst Sibylle Klosterhalfen Wolfgang Klosterhalfen Martin Winkelmann Hans-Joachim Steingrueber 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1993,28(2):177-181
The delivery of cytotoxic drugs in cancer treatment is often accompanied by posttreatment side effects (e.g., nausea). Moreover,
there is evidence that cancer patients are at risk to develop these side effects in anticipation of chemotherapy (i.e., anticipatory
nausea [AN]). AN can be explained as the result of a classical conditioning process with the cytotoxic drug as the unconditioned
stimulus (US). Stimuli paired with the US (e.g., smells, tastes) can become conditioned stimuli (CSs) eliciting AN as the
conditioned response (CR). The present study was conducted to test whether AN shows characteristics of a CR. Fifty-five ambulatory
cancer patients were asked to record nine kinds of physical symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, sweating) on time-scheduled
symptom lists: after an infusion (indicating posttreatment symptoms) and prior to their next infusion (indicating anticipatory
symptoms). Each measurement period covered a maximum of 48 hours. AN was reported by ten patients (18.08%). Data revealed
(a) a statistically significant association between posttreatment nausea and vomiting, respectively, and AN; (b) the occurrence
of AN increased with drug emetogenity (i.e., US-intensity); and (c) the duration of AN increased with temporal proximity to
the infusion. The results support the conditioning model. Thus, it is proposed to prevent AN by classical conditioning techniques
(e.g., overshadowing). 相似文献
394.
Robyn Gulliver Christian S. Chan Katy Y. Y. Tam Iris S. K. Lau Ying Yi Hong Winnifred R. Louis 《European journal of social psychology》2023,53(2):401-417
In three studies, we examined the role of distrust and perceived threat in intentions to engage in normative and violent non-normative collective action. A field-based qualitative study of 35 pro-democracy protestors during the 2019 Hong Kong Anti-Extradition protests revealed that perceived threat to Hong Kong values alongside distrust of political institutions spurred collective action engagement and support for defensive violent collection action. In Study 2, a questionnaire (N = 639) testing pro-democracy action intentions demonstrated direct paths on both normative and violent collective action intentions from distrust and threat. In Study 3 (N = 133), experimental trust and threat manipulations demonstrated a significant association between distrust and threat on violent collective action intentions and acceptance, and a significant interaction on acceptance of violent collective action. Our results reveal the importance of distrust and threat in attitudinal support for, and engagement in, collective action and their role in transitioning from non-violent to violent collective action. 相似文献
395.
Elaine Yin Ling Chan Jasmine Tsz Ting Lui Alison Lai Ping Mak Edmond Kam Lun Lau 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2023,41(1):30-40
Police officers are under high level of stress given the intense and emergent work nature. If left untreated, their mental wellbeing would be at risk and work performance compromised. However, mental health stigma is common among police officers and is perpetuated by factors like police cultures emphasizing toughness and self-reliance. In view of this, since 2016, the Hong Kong Police Force had launched a holistic campaign for Force members which was the first among law enforcement organizations in Hong Kong, aiming to reduce stigma, by enhancing mental health knowledge and decreasing negative attitudes and behaviors towards mental health issues. The programme incorporated standardised trainings of the Mental Health First Aid course with examples modified to the local police context, and psychoeducation via the use of digital medium and sharing by public figures. Positive feedback was received. It was foreseen that the campaign effects would increase Force members' awareness of their mental health, encourage help-seeking and facilitate officers' decision making when encountering crises in the community. 相似文献
396.
Karen I. Van Der Zee Ursula Brinkmann 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2004,12(3):285-290
The psychometric qualities of the intercultural readiness check (IRC) were evaluated against an existing instrument for multicultural effectiveness: the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). The IRC has scales for intercultural sensitivity, intercultural communication, intercultural relationship building, conflict management, leadership and tolerance of ambiguity. A sample of in majority employees who were trained for an international position (N=137) participated in the study. The IRC scales were moderately to sufficiently reliable. Correlations with the MPQ scales were in the expected direction. Both instruments were equally strongly related to international inspiration, with open‐mindedness (MPQ) and intercultural sensitivity (IRC) as most important predictors. The IRC scales explained more variance in international experience. 相似文献
397.
In two studies conducted in Hong Kong during and immediately after the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), participants displayed several social cognitive biases when they estimated the prevalence of and inferred the motives underlying SARS preventive behaviors. First, participants who practiced preventive behaviors (practicers) consistently estimated that more people practiced such behaviors than did non-practicers (false consensus bias). Second, for some preventive behaviors, participants believed that their own behaviors were more motivated by prosocial concerns (relative to self-interest) than were other practicers (pluralistic ignorance). Finally, non-practicers underestimated the importance of prosocial concerns underlying some preventive behaviors (actor-observer bias). We discussed the relevance of these social cognitive biases to health education and to Hong Kong people's psychological reactions to SARS. 相似文献
398.
Ursula King 《Zygon》2005,40(3):535-544
Abstract. John Caiazza's essay raises important controversial issues regarding the contemporary debates between science and religion. His arguments are largely presented in a dichotomous and rather adversarial mode with which I strongly disagree. Unable to present a detailed counterargument in this brief reflection, I ask, What is being spoken about, and who is speaking? What is meant by science and religion here? Neither term can be taken as a unified, essentialist category; both comprise many historical layers, possess numerous internal complexities, and invite a diversity of interpretations. I refer to the science of China, India, and the ancient Near East, all of which have fed into modern science, so that the sciences cannot be restricted to those of the modern West. Nor can religion be limited to the religious beliefs and practices of Western Christianity. I discuss the position/location/context of the author‐ Caiazza's as well as my own‐ after introducing Hans‐Georg Gadamer's idea of the “fusion of horizons,” which provides a rich vein for enhancing the debate between science and religion. To expand the respective horizons of their dialogue it will be important to move away from an adversarial, exclusionary spirit to a more collaborative and communicative framework that allows for the development of new ideals, new questions, new ways of knowing, and an ethical and socially responsible stance more centered on human needs and concerns. We may have to build an altogether new Athens and Jerusalem for this. 相似文献
399.
400.
William Tsai D. Julie Nguyen Bahr Weiss Victoria Ngo Anna S. Lau 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2017,45(4):657-669
The current study examined the prospective relations between emotion suppression and maladjustment (i.e., depressive symptoms, family stress events, peer stress events, and family and peer support) among Vietnamese American (n = 372) and European American adolescents (n = 304). We found that at baseline Vietnamese Americans adolescents reported greater use of emotion suppression coping than European American adolescents. Multi-group structural equation modeling indicated that for European American teens emotion suppression was significantly related to increased depression symptoms and decreased quality of peer relationships. In contrast, for the Vietnamese Americans teens emotion suppression relations to later maladjustment was either nonsignificant or attenuated relative to the European American. These findings suggest ethnic group differences in both the utilization, and consequences and function of emotion suppression among Vietnamese American and European American adolescents. 相似文献