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INNATENESS, EXPERIENCE, AND MUSIC PERCEPTION 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Debra Bendell Marylu Skinner Goldberg Mary Theresa Urbano Richard C. Urbano Charles Bauer 《Infant mental health journal》1987,8(1):28-36
Parenting a newborn infant has been identified as a significant stressor, and parenting a sick infant evokes an even greater stress. This study evaluated the differential impact of parenting infants with interrupted infantile apnea vs. extremely low birth weight infants. These infants were compared to normal infants on the Bayley Scales of Infant Assessment and the Parenting Stress Index when the infants were 6 months old. Significant effects on the mental index revealed that the low birthweight infants performed more poorly than did the other groups. A stepwise multiple discriminant analysis on the Parenting Stress Index suggested that child adaptability, maternal restrictions, isolation, and health were significant stressors. Mothers of apneic infants were affected most severely by their child's illness. The lower educational level of these mothers may have influenced these findings. 相似文献
3.
We propose an index for assessing the degree of factor simplicity in the context of principal components and exploratory factor analysis. The new index, which is called Loading Simplicity, is based on the idea that the communality of each variable should be related to few components, or factors, so that the loadings in each variable are either zero or as far from zero as possible. This index does not depend on the scale of the factors, and its maximum and minimum are only related to the degree of simplicity in the loading matrix. The aim of the index is to enable the degree of simplicity in loading matrices to be compared.The author would like to thank the review team for their insights and recommendations. This work was supported by a grant SEC2001-3821-C05-C02 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. 相似文献
4.
Joshua E. Wolf Catherine M. Urbano Chad M. Ruprecht Kenneth J. Leising 《Behavior research methods》2014,46(1):206-214
The increasing demand for highly automated and flexible tasks capable of assessing visual learning and memory in nonhuman animals has led to the exciting development of a wide array of prefabricated touchscreen-equipped systems. However, the high cost of these prefabricated systems has led many researchers to develop or modify their own preexisting equipment. We developed a freely downloadable App, the Touchscreeen Behavioral Evaluation System (TBES) for use in conjunction with an iPad (Apple, Cupertino, California) as an alternative to prefabricated touchscreen systems. TBES allows for stimulus presentation and data collection on an iPad. The touchscreen technology offered by the iPad is attractive to researchers due to its affordability, reliability, and resistance to false inputs. We highlight these, as well as the feasibility and procedural flexibility of TBES, in an effort to promote our system as a competitive alternative to those currently available. 相似文献
5.
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is one of the most widely used statistical procedures in psychological research. It is a
classic technique, but statistical research into EFA is still quite active, and various new developments and methods have
been presented in recent years. The authors of the most popular statistical packages, however, do not seem very interested
in incorporating these new advances. We present the program FACTOR, which was designed as a general, user-friendly program
for computing EFA. It implements traditional procedures and indices and incorporates the benefits of some more recent developments.
Two of the traditional procedures implemented are polychoric correlations and parallel analysis, the latter of which is considered
to be one of the best methods for determining the number of factors or components to be retained. Good examples of the most
recent developments implemented in our program are (1) minimum rank factor analysis, which is the only factor method that
allows one to compute the proportion of variance explained by each factor, and (2) the simplimax rotation method, which has
proved to be the most powerful rotation method available. Of these methods, only polychoric correlations are available in
some commercial programs. A copy of the software, a demo, and a short manual can be obtained free of charge from the first
author. 相似文献
6.
A new version of the program FACOM (comparison of exploratory factor analysis solutions) is presented. The new version (NFACOM) greatly extends the possibilities of the previous versions. It is now possible to use congruence as well as least squares comparisons in both orthogonal and oblique situations. What is more, n solutions, not just two, can be compared. Recently developed algorithms have been implemented; others, which have proved not to be theoretically well founded, have been omitted. 相似文献
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This article proposes a procedure for fitting a pure exploratory bifactor solution in which the general factor is orthogonal to the group factors, but the loadings on the group factors can satisfy any orthogonal or oblique rotation criterion. The proposal combines orthogonal Procrustes rotations with analytical rotations and consists of a sequence of four steps. The basic input is a semispecified target matrix that can be (a) defined by the user, (b) obtained by using Schmid-Leiman orthogonalization, or (c) automatically built from a conventional unrestricted solution based on a prescribed number of factors. The relevance of the proposal and its advantages over existing procedures is discussed and assessed via simulation. Its feasibility in practice is illustrated with two empirical examples in the personality domain. 相似文献
8.
Despite the great importance of impulsivity in many childhood and adolescence disorders, there are few self-reports on child impulsivity. Recently, a modified version of Barratt's BIS-11 questionnaire adapted for children has been developed, which may be useful in assessing this personality dimension. The present study reports an adaptation of this questionnaire in a different culture (Colombia) and assesses the degree of convergence between the factor structures of both adaptations using consensus oblimin rotation. The results indicate not only that the factor structure of the test remains stable across both adaptations, and that two of the three scales in the Colombian version show acceptable reliabilities, but also that cultural and linguistic issues are important in test adaptation even when the same language is used. 相似文献
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A chronic tendency to avoid novelty is often the result of a temperamental bias called inhibited temperament, and is associated
with increased risk for anxiety disorders. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that an inhibited temperament is associated
with increased amygdalar blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) response to unfamiliar faces that were not expected; however,
the effects of variations in expectancy remain unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied BOLD
response to infrequently encountered fear faces that were either expected or not expected in 42 adults with an inhibited or
an uninhibited temperament. Individuals with an inhibited temperament had greater amygdala, but less dorsal anterior cingulate
cortex (dACC), BOLD response when the stimuli were expected. In contrast, those with an uninhibited temperament had a smaller
amygdala but larger dorsal anterior cingulate cortex BOLD response when expecting to see fear faces. These findings demonstrate
temperament differences in expectancy effects and provide preliminary evidence for the dACC as a neural substrate mediating
differences in inhibited temperament. Enhanced amygdala sensitivity coupled with weak inhibitory control from the dACC may
form a neural circuit mediating behaviors characteristic of inhibited temperament and risk for anxiety disorders. 相似文献