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221.
Dr. med. Tom Alexander Konzag Susan Klose Ulrike Bandemer-Greulich Erdmuthe Fikentscher Ulrich Bahrke 《Psychotherapeut》2006,51(1):35-42
Disturbances of body-images in women with anorexia and bulimia nervosa are described at the behavioral, perceptional and affective-cognitive level. The disturbances of body image, which are often accompanied by personality-structural deficits and have a decisive influence on the course of disease, can be reached only in part by verbal forms of therapy. Considering these facts, we present an integrative clinical procedure in which the application of body-related therapy modules play a central role in supplement to cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic forms of therapy. Process-oriented body-perception therapy in an individual setting and a communicative movement group therapy are used and their relevance to the in-patient therapy process examined from the patient’s point of view. The study reveals a high value of body-psychotherapy, wherebydifferences were observed between anorexia (15) and bulimia (27) patients in the course of the process. The results suggest an indication for the application of combined individual and group body-psychotherapy for hospitalized anorexia patients. A communicative body therapy in group form is also very important in the in-patient treatment of bulimia patients, but there is a differential indication with regard to individual body therapy. 相似文献
222.
Top-down matching singleton cues have no edge over top-down matching nonsingletons in spatial cueing
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - In the present study, we investigated in a novel version of the peripheral-cueing paradigm whether object salience influences attentional selection at early... 相似文献
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225.
Wühr P Biebl R Ansorge U 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2008,34(3):533-545
Six experiments investigated how variability on irrelevant stimulus dimensions and variability on response dimensions contribute to spatial and nonspatial stimulus-response (S-R) correspondence effects. Experiments 1-3 showed that, when stimuli varied in location and number, S-R correspondence effects for location or numerosity occurred when responses varied on these dimensions but not when responses were invariant on these dimensions. These results are consistent with the response-discrimination account, according to which S-R correspondence effects should only arise for a dimension that is used for discriminating between responses in working memory. Experiments 4-6 showed that, when responses varied in location and number, both invariant and variable stimulus number produced correspondence effects in S-R numerosity. In summary, the present results indicate that the usefulness of a particular dimension for response discrimination can be sufficient for producing S-R correspondence effects, whereas variability of a stimulus dimension is not sufficient for producing such effects. 相似文献
226.
Recently, Yeshurun and Levy (Psychol Sci 14:225-231, 2003) have provided evidence for the notion that visual attention impairs the temporal resolution of the visual system. Specifically, the detection of a temporal gap within a visual stimulus was impaired when a cue directed attention towards the spatial location of the stimulus. As this negative cueing effect is important to constrain theories about visual attention, we further investigated this novel effect and assessed whether it truly reflects an attentional effect. Experiment 1 examines whether the negative cueing effect is due to local temporal interference, and Experiments 2 and 3 investigate whether it reflects a luminance confound. The complete pattern of results argues against these alternatives and thus further strengthens the conclusion of Yeshurun and Levy (Psychol Sci 14: 225-231, 2003). 相似文献
227.
Ulrich Orth Matthias Berking Nadine Walker Laurenz L. Meier Hansjörg Znoj 《Journal of research in personality》2008
Forgiveness is often assumed to be adaptive for psychological adjustment following interpersonal transgressions. Three hundred and forty seven individuals who had experienced a recent interpersonal transgression were surveyed on four occasions over the course of six weeks. Forgiveness was assessed with scales measuring interpersonal avoidance and revenge motivation and psychological adjustment was assessed with scales measuring depression and rumination. Latent growth curve analyses showed that intraindividual changes in forgiveness were positively correlated with changes in adjustment. Latent difference score analyses indicated that adjustment predicted subsequent change in forgiveness, but that forgiveness did not predict subsequent change in adjustment. The results suggest that adjustment facilitates forgiveness, but not that forgiveness facilitates adjustment. 相似文献
228.
Sara A. Stevens Greg L. West Naseem Al-Aidroos Ulrich W. Weger Jay Pratt 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(6):1148-1153
It has been suggested that two types of uninformative central cues produce reflexive orienting: gaze and arrow cues. Using
the criterion that voluntary shifts of attention facilitate both response speed and perceptual accuracy, whereas reflexive
shifts of attention facilitate only response speed (Prinzmetal, McCool, & Park, 2005), we tested whether these cues produce
reflexive or volitional shifts of attention. A cued letter discrimination task was used with both gaze (Experiments 1A and
1B) and arrow (Experiments 2A and 2B) cues, in which participants responded to the identity of the target letter. In the response
time (respond speed) tasks, participants were asked to respond as quickly as possible to the target; in the accuracy (perceptual
quality) tasks, participants were asked to respond as accurately as possible. For both cue types, compatible cues were found
to facilitate response speed but not perceptual accuracy, indicating that both gaze and arrow cues generate reflexive shifts
in attention. 相似文献
229.
The switch cost asymmetry (i.e., larger costs when switching from a nondominant into a dominant task than vice versa) has
been explained in terms of the trial-to-trial carryover of activation levels required for the dominant versus the nondominant
task. However, there is an open question about whether an actual switch in task is in fact necessary to obtain a “selection”
cost asymmetry. In Experiments 1 and 2, we modified an alternatingruns paradigm to include either long or short response-to-stimulus
intervals (RSIs) after each pair of trials (i.e., AA-AA-BB-BB), thereby inducing selection costs not only at the point of
a task switch (i.e., AA-BB), but also between same-task pairs (i.e., AA-AA). Using spatially compatible versus incompatible
response rules (Experiment 1) and Stroop word versus color naming (Experiment 2), we found asymmetric effects not only at
task-change transitions, but also at task-repeat transitions when the RSI was long (presumably inducing frequent losses of
set). In Experiments 3A and 3B, a cost asymmetry for long RSIs was obtained even when competing tasks were separated into
alternating single task blocks, but not when the tasks were compared in a betweensubjects design. This general pattern cannot
be explained by activation carryover models, but is consistent with the idea that the asymmetry arises as a result of interference
from long-term memory traces. 相似文献
230.
The multilevel latent covariate model: a new, more reliable approach to group-level effects in contextual studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In multilevel modeling (MLM), group-level (L2) characteristics are often measured by aggregating individual-level (L1) characteristics within each group so as to assess contextual effects (e.g., group-average effects of socioeconomic status, achievement, climate). Most previous applications have used a multilevel manifest covariate (MMC) approach, in which the observed (manifest) group mean is assumed to be perfectly reliable. This article demonstrates mathematically and with simulation results that this MMC approach can result in substantially biased estimates of contextual effects and can substantially underestimate the associated standard errors, depending on the number of L1 individuals per group, the number of groups, the intraclass correlation, the sampling ratio (the percentage of cases within each group sampled), and the nature of the data. To address this pervasive problem, the authors introduce a new multilevel latent covariate (MLC) approach that corrects for unreliability at L2 and results in unbiased estimates of L2 constructs under appropriate conditions. However, under some circumstances when the sampling ratio approaches 100%, the MMC approach provides more accurate estimates. Based on 3 simulations and 2 real-data applications, the authors evaluate the MMC and MLC approaches and suggest when researchers should most appropriately use one, the other, or a combination of both approaches. 相似文献