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111.
To expand on the understanding of how affective states are linked within teams, the authors describe a longitudinal study examining the linkages between team members' affective states over time. In a naturalistic team performance setting, they found evidence that the average affective state of the other team members was related to an individual team member's affect over time, even after controlling for team performance. In addition, they found that these affective linkages were moderated by individual differences in susceptibility to emotional contagion and collectivistic tendencies such that the strength of the linkage was stronger for those high in susceptibility and those with collectivistic tendencies. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
112.
Coelho RW De Campos W Da Silva SG Okazaki FH Keller B 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,105(2):458-468
To assess use of imagery intervention in performance of two tennis motor skills the quasi-experimental design included a pre- and posttest and a control group. The tennis service shot and service receiving skill were selected as representative of open and closed skills, respectively. 48 subjects, male tennis players, whose ages ranged from 16 to 18 yr. (M = 17.2), were divided into two groups: (1) Technical practice only which was used as control group and (2) Imagery group who received both imagery and technical practice. Analysis of covariance showed a significant main effect for the imagery intervention on the closed skill (p = .002). Findings suggest that imaging a positive outcome may be more powerful in improving performance of closed skill movements than of open skill movements. 相似文献
113.
Cynthia R. Johnson Benjamin L. Handen Eric Butter Ann Wagner James Mulick Denis G. Sukhodolsky Susan Williams Naomi A. Swiezy L. Eugene Arnold Michael G. Aman Lawrence Scahill Kimberly A. Stigler Christopher J. McDougle Benedetto Vitiello Tristram Smith 《Behavioral Interventions》2007,22(3):201-221
Parent delivered interventions based on applied behavior analysis (ABA) for children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) have been evaluated using primarily single‐subject design methodology or small case series. While the results of these evaluations are encouraging, an important next step is to standardize the interventions to allow for replication across sites, in studies with large samples and measures of long‐term, clinically meaningful outcomes such as improvements in children's functioning and their relationships with parents. Accordingly, the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Psychosocial Interventions (RUPP Autism Network) assembled a detailed manual for a structured behavioral parent training (PT) program, developed treatment fidelity and training procedures, and conducted a pilot, feasibility study. The PT program is part of a large scale, multisite study intended to determine the efficacy of combined pharmacological treatment and behavioral intervention to improve behavior and adaptive functioning in children with PDD. This paper discusses the rationale for this project. A companion paper provides the results of our feasibility study on the PT program. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
114.
Marissa E. Wagner Oehlhof Dara R. Musher-Eizenman Jennie M. Neufeld Jessica C. Hauser 《Body image》2009,6(4):308-310
Objectification theory posits that valuing one's body for appearance rather than performance is associated with a range of negative psychological outcomes. This theory has been tested in women, but has received less empirical attention in men. This study examined the relation between self-objectification and ideal body shape in both men and women. One hundred eighty-three college students (111 women, 72 men) completed a questionnaire containing measures of self-objectification and ideal body shape (using a figure array ranging from non-muscular to very muscular). Consistent with hypotheses, women desired a less muscular body and men desired a more muscular body. Women also self-objectified more than men. In addition, there was an interaction between sex and self-objectification on ideal body shape. For women, higher self-objectification scores were related to a desire for a less muscular body. For men, higher self-objectification scores were related to a desire for a more muscular body. Self-objectification theory is a useful framework for understanding body image issues in men. However, the relation between self-objectification and other body related variables may differ for men and women. 相似文献
115.
Tanja Legenbauer Silja Vocks Corinna Schfer Sabine Schütt-Strmel Wolfgang Hiller Christof Wagner Claus Vgele 《Body image》2009,6(3):228-234
This study assesses whether characteristics of one's own body image influences preferences of attractiveness in a partner. The role of gender and sexual orientation is also considered. Heterosexual women (n = 67), lesbian women (n = 73), heterosexual men (n = 61) and gay men (n = 82) participated in an internet survey assessing attitudes towards the body and preferences of attractiveness in a partner. Men in particular were found to prefer attractive partners, regardless of sexual orientation. Weight/shape dissatisfaction was found to be a negative predictor for heterosexual men and women. For gay men, preferences were better explained by internalization and weight/shape dissatisfaction. No such associations were found in the lesbian group. Levels of weight/shape dissatisfaction and internalization of socio-cultural slenderness ideals influence expectations of thinness and attractiveness in a partner with this effect being modified by gender and sexual orientation. 相似文献
116.
Three studies using the intermodal preferential looking paradigm examined onset of productive comprehension of tense/aspect morphology in English. When can toddlers understand these forms with novel verbs and novel events? The first study used familiar verbs and showed that 26–36-month olds correctly matched a past/perfective form (-ed or irregular past) to a completed version of an event and a present/imperfective (is V-ing) to the ongoing version of the same event. The second study used novel verbs and events and found that 33-month olds failed to use tense/aspect morphology to choose between completed and ongoing versions of the same event. The third study also used novel verbs and events but simplified the processing demands of the task in several ways (using initial priming of the events and classes of meaning, using different events within test pairs). This study found that 30-month olds successfully used tense/aspect morphology to choose between ongoing and completed novel events. The results demonstrate that children have productive command of tense/aspect morphology by 30 months and have therefore begun the process of creating an abstract grammar containing this element. 相似文献
117.
Pamela Qualter Stephanie J. Quinton Hugh Wagner Steve Brown 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(6):1461-1479
Loneliness has been linked to emotional knowledge and interpersonal distrust, but it is unknown whether it is mediated or moderated by these variables. Using self‐report measures, the relationship between loneliness, interpersonal distrust, and alexithymia was investigated in undergraduate students (N = 224). Analyses showed a direct relationship between alexithymia and social, family, and romantic loneliness. We also found that interpersonal distrust partly mediates this relationship, and that alexithymia and interpersonal distrust interacted to predict social and family loneliness. These findings suggest that links between the different facets of alexithymia, interpersonal distrust, and loneliness are complex and multifaceted, and they are discussed with regard to interventions for young adults. 相似文献
118.
The partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 was witness to Hindu Muslim conflict at its peak. In the 1990s, ethnic conflict
was used by right wing ideologues to change the fabric of secular India. Using interview data and within a social representational
framework the study demonstrates the processes whereby out-groups/in-groups are formed. Further, it is argued that religious
tolerance as envisaged in Gandhian philosophy, needs to be an integral part of the debate on role of religion in the public
sphere. 相似文献
119.
Jennifer J. McComas Dana Wagner Melissa Coolong Chaffin Erin Holton Mimi McDonnell Emily Monn 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2009,18(1):56-70
Brief experimental analyses (BEA) have been used to identify effective individualized interventions for improving reading
fluency with school-age children. Interventions involving incentives, modeling, repeated reading, and error correction are
most often tested in a BEA. However, these interventions are rarely modified according to individual student needs. The current
study examined the effects of varied levels of modeling (passage, sentence, word) and varied contingencies (tracking and fluency)
on fluency in non-treated high-word overlap passages and general outcome measure passages. BEA-identified interventions were
effective for improving reading fluency on non-treated passages for both second grade students and the third grade student.
Notably, the effects reversed when intervention was withdrawn with one of the second grade students. Results are discussed
in terms of considerations in the application of BEA technology in the schools. 相似文献
120.
Ullrich K.H. Ecker Anna M. Arend Kirstin Bergstrm Hubert D. Zimmer 《Consciousness and cognition》2009,18(3):679-689
Research on the effects of perceptual manipulations on recognition memory has suggested that (a) recollection is selectively influenced by task-relevant information and (b) familiarity can be considered perceptually specific. The present experiment tested divergent assumptions that (a) perceptual features can influence conscious object recollection via verbal code despite being task-irrelevant and that (b) perceptual features do not influence object familiarity if study is verbal-conceptual. At study, subjects named objects and their presentation colour; this was followed by an old/new object recognition test. Event-related potentials (ERP) showed that a study-test manipulation of colour impacted selectively on the ERP effect associated with recollection, while a size manipulation showed no effect. It is concluded that (a) verbal predicates generated at study are potent episodic memory agents that modulate recollection even if the recovered feature information is task-irrelevant and (b) commonly found perceptual match effects on familiarity critically depend on perceptual processing at study. 相似文献