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31.
32.
Giorgio Grossi Anna Åhs Ulf Lundberg 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1998,33(3):249-263
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between psychological factors and salivary cortisol secretion
(baseline level, reactivity to laboratory stressors) in a sample of 59 long-term unemployed men and women (mean age 42±10
years). Subjects were divided into four groups according to their basal levels of salivary cortisol as well as their reactivity
to experimental stress (stress level minus baseline): (1) low base/low reactivity; (2) high base/low reactivity; (3) low base/high
reactivity; and (4) high base/high reactivity. The low base/low reactivity group was characterized by significantly higher
somatic anxiety, muscular tension, irritability, and depression (Beck’s Depression Inventory) and lower perceived control
(mastery) than the other groups. The low base/high reactivity group was also characterized by depression and low perceived
control. The high base/low reactivity group was higher in terms of monotony avoidance, Type-A behavior (JAS) and mastery,
but lower in depression. The results indicate that (1) individuals with personality traits reflecting emotional distress are
more vulnerable to exhaustion of the HPA-axis following long-term unemployment and (2) monotony avoidance and Type-A behavior,
at least temporarily, seem to exert a beneficial influence on mental well-being among long-term unemployed individuals. 相似文献
33.
The paper is a discussion of the manners in which cerebral receptor systems may perceive the changes in the internal environment which arise in consequence of deviations from fluid balance. Arguments are presented against the current osmoreceptor theory which implies that receptors in the hypothalamic region are stimulated directly by blood hypertonicity. Recent studies are reviewed which indicate that a possible alternative to hypothalamic osmoreceptors may be receptors in the close vicinity of the third ventricle which are influenced by the Na+ concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid. Evidence is presented that a sodium sensitive receptor system of this kind participates, not only in the control of water balance, but also in the regulation of the renal Na+ excretion and of the arterial blood pressure. The demonstration of a striking central sodium-angiotensin interaction implies that periventricular sodium sensitive receptors also may be a final link in a volumetric regulation of thirst and ADH release which is mediated by the reninangiotensin system. 相似文献
34.
35.
Oswald Bratfisch Gösta Ekman Ulf Lundberg Kunnibert Kruger 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1971,12(1):147-160
BRATFISCH, O., EKMAN, G., LUNDBERG, U., and KRÜGER, K. Subjective temporal distance and emotional involvement. Scand. J. Psychol. , 1971, 12, 147–160. –Three experiments were conducted in which subjects were required to estimate the subjective temporal distances of various historical periods, each of which was named after some person, event, or social process. In all, 65 subjects participated. In related experiments the same subjects estimated their degree of emotional involvement in what might have happened to people living during the various periods named. Using the actual dates when the events took place, the relation between objective and subjective temporal distance was found to be described by a simple power function. Emotional involvement was shown to be inversely related in a simple monotonic manner to both subjective and objective temporal distance, when other variables were so far as possible held constant. A number of different alternative power functions as well as an exponential and a logarithmic function were fitted to the empirical data. A specific type of power function with three empirical constants and a simple exponential function were found to describe experimetal data to a good approximation. 相似文献
36.
S tabell , U. & S tabell , B. Color threshold measurements in scotopic vision. II. Test-stimulation varied. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1968, 9, 129–132.—The color threshold curve generally coincides with the dark adaptation curve of the rods, irrespectively of test-stimulation variation, confirming the assumption that a threshold response of rods may initiate a color-related process. Variation of color threshold intensity is thus assumed to reflect variation of rod threshold intensity. 相似文献
37.
We present and investigate a simple way to generate nonnormal data using linear combinations of independent generator (IG) variables. The simulated data have prespecified univariate skewness and kurtosis and a given covariance matrix. In contrast to the widely used Vale-Maurelli (VM) transform, the obtained data are shown to have a non-Gaussian copula. We analytically obtain asymptotic robustness conditions for the IG distribution. We show empirically that popular test statistics in covariance analysis tend to reject true models more often under the IG transform than under the VM transform. This implies that overly optimistic evaluations of estimators and fit statistics in covariance structure analysis may be tempered by including the IG transform for nonnormal data generation. We provide an implementation of the IG transform in the R environment. 相似文献
38.
Animal and human research has shown that pain sensitivity changes during the menstrual cycle. This has sometimes been ascribed
to hormonal variations. The aim of the present study was to examine how perception of pain, induced by the cold pressor test
to the dominant hand, was related to gender and phases of the menstrual cycle. A repeated-meausres design was used, where
twenty-two female students participated at two different phases of the menstrual cycle (days 2–4 and days 20–24). A control
group of nineteen male students participated on two occasions, separated by a three week period. The cycle phase during which
each woman began her participation was randomized. Pain was induced using the cold pressor test. Pain threshold was determined
as the duration of time between when the subject first reported pain and exposure to the painful stimulus. Pain tolerance
was determined as the duration of time until the subject withdraw her/his hand from the test water because the pain was too
intensive. The results showed that men tolerated significantly greater pain than women. Women’s pain threshold was significantly
higher during the second phase of the menstrual cycle. Systolic pressure was higher in men than women, increasing more in
men in response to cold pressor testing than women. Further research, including measurments of plasma hormone levels during
the menstrual cycle, is needed to clarify the role played by estrogens in pain perception. 相似文献
39.
Yanlou Liu Tao Xin Björn Andersson Wei Tian 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2019,72(1):18-37
Two new methods to estimate the asymptotic covariance matrix for marginal maximum likelihood estimation of cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs), the inverse of the observed information matrix and the sandwich-type estimator, are introduced. Unlike several previous covariance matrix estimators, the new methods take into account both the item and structural parameters. The relationships between the observed information matrix, the empirical cross-product information matrix, the sandwich-type covariance matrix and the two approaches proposed by de la Torre (2009, J. Educ. Behav. Stat., 34, 115) are discussed. Simulation results show that, for a correctly specified CDM and Q-matrix or with a slightly misspecified probability model, the observed information matrix and the sandwich-type covariance matrix exhibit good performance with respect to providing consistent standard errors of item parameter estimates. However, with substantial model misspecification only the sandwich-type covariance matrix exhibits robust performance. 相似文献
40.
Raphael Luescher Petra Young‐Zie Barthelmess Su‐Yeong Kim Ulf Henning Richter Michael Mittag 《创造性行为杂志》2019,53(1):30-43
This study analyzes the validity of Gough's Creative Personality Scale (CPS) for the Adjective Check List (ACL) by using 1773 Swiss, South Korean, and Mainland Chinese students as a sample. Four sources of potential bias were identified in Gough's CPS, two of which are general and two cultural in nature. The two general biases were investigated by conducting correlation analyses and evaluating alternative scoring methods for the CPS. As a result of the first bias, checking a large number of adjectives was found to be more important for achieving a high score than checking the relevant ones. Due to the second bias, the CPS score mostly depends on the number of positive adjectives checked while negative items have little impact. The two cultural biases were analyzed using an implicit version of the CPS (iCPS) and factor analysis. The latter revealed three different clusters of creativity type: exploratory‐type, socially responsible‐type, and intellectual‐type creativity. Based on cultural background, they are all weighted differently, causing a potential experiential bias in the CPS. Findings indicate that in South Korea and Mainland China socially responsible‐type creativity dominates whereas in Switzerland exploratory‐type creativity prevails. Findings from the iCPS suggest the second cultural bias, the socially desirable responding bias arising from differences in responding styles among the three cultures. 相似文献