Personality characteristics in primary benzodiazepine-dependent patients: Comparison with controls and polydrug users

The present study applied Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) to study (i) if patients with benzodiazepine dependence have a characteristic personality profile, (ii) if the personality characteristics in patients with benzodiazepine dependence differ from those of polydrug users and normal controls, (iii) if differences in treatment outcome existed between the groups, and (iv) if the possible difference in treatment outcome was associated with any particular personality characteristic shown by the patients. The personality characteristics of primary benzodiazepine dependent patients (BDZ) and a group of polydrug users (MIX) were studied initially (during the first week in project as an inpatient) and approximately one year after drug discontinuation, and a comparison was made with healthy controls on both test occasions. The results showed that the personality of both groups of patients differed significantly from the Controls in the following characteristics: Detachment, Socialization, Somatic Anxiety, Muscular Tension, Psychic Anxiety, and Psychasthenia. Significant differences existed between the polydrug and benzodiazepine users in Somatic and Psychic Anxiety as well as in Socialization. The MIX group differed significantly from the BDZ group and from the Controls in Suspicion. Results of treatment outcome indicated that the benzodiazepine dependent patients were significantly more successful in quitting their drug use compared to polydrug users. Further, the results demonstrated that patients scoring high in the investigated personality characteristics are those who fail the treatment goal of quitting their drug use, especially the patients with a high level of anxiety and detachment.     

Wahrheit von innen und aussen

Ohne ZusammenfassungDer hier behandelte Wahrheitsbegriff ist die philosophische Grundlage der 3- und 6-wertigen Logik, die ich in [1], [2] und anderen Arbeiten entwickelt habe. Die Leser, die diese Arbeiten kennen, bitte ich um Nachsicht für einige Wiederholungen, die anderen bitte ich um Nachsicht dafür, daß ich nicht mehr wiederhole.     

Differential effects of environmental enrichment on the open-field behavior of wild and domestic Norway rats.

Early postweaning experience in an enriched environment had a greater influence on the open-field behavior and body weight of wild Norway rats than of their domestic counterparts. Genetic changes accompanying the domestication process may have reduced the relative impact of postweaning experience on the development of the domestic rat's response to changes in its environment.     

Tryptophan metabolism research in oligophrenic children. 4.: Activity and possibility of activating hepatic kynureninase after vitamin B6 treatment]

In 8 selected test persons of the 3rd series of experiments who were showing signs of pathological kynureninase activity, hepatic kynureninase was again established after 3 week's treatment with large doses of vitamin B6. The enormous in-vivo activation of the kynureninasis established goes to prove that apoenzyme synthesis may be stimulated by pyridoxine. On the basis of these results and the relative frequency of disorders dependent on B6, the question arises whether children from endangered families should not be given prophylactic vitamin B6 treatment from birth.