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171.
How instructors' gender and race impacts their ability to gain compliance in the classroom when utilizing various bases of social power was investigated using a 2 × 2 × 3 between‐subjects design. Male and female participants (n = 297) completed the Interpersonal Power Inventory while viewing a photo depicting an instructor. The instructors depicted were male or female of varying ethnicities (Caucasian, African American, and Latino). Results indicated that instructor gender and race influenced student compliance rates when soft (subtle and noncoercive) bases of power were utilized. With regard to individual power bases, student gender, instructor gender, instructor race, and the Instructor Gender × Instructor Race interaction were found to impact compliance rates. Implications for classroom instructors, as well as other powerholders, are discussed. 相似文献
172.
Three studies explored women’s bifurcation of feminine identity as a response to threatening stereotypes in the domain of mathematics. Study 1 demonstrated that women in a math class who previously had completed a large number of math courses disavowed “feminine characteristics” strongly associated with stereotypes about women’s potential for math success (e.g., flirtatiousness, planning to have children) but not characteristics perceived to be weakly associated with these stereotypes (e.g., empathy, nurturance), more than women who had completed fewer math courses. Studies 2 and 3 directly manipulated stereotype threat by presenting a scientific article reporting stereotype-consistent sex differences in math aptitude. As predicted, women strongly identified with mathematics responded to this threatening article by disavowing feminine characteristics strongly associated, but not those weakly associated, with the relevant negative stereotypes, while women not strongly identified with mathematics showed no such differentiation in response. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
173.
Elizabeth H. Creyer William T. Ross Jr. John Kozup 《Journal of applied social psychology》2004,34(1):206-221
This research examined factors that influence how consumers respond to prosocial marketing initiatives. Specifically, consumers' attitudes toward the societal role of corporations were examined within the context of a prosocial (an activity perceived by the consumer to benefit society) marketing action being undertaken by a corporation. The results indicate that whether a consumer believed a firm should be managed primarily for the benefit of the common good (e.g., the greater community, consumers, employees) or managed primarily for the benefit of investors significantly influenced the likelihood of store patronage. Perceived ethicality of the retailer's action also mediated the relationship between consumers' attitudes toward the societal role of corporations and the likelihood of store patronage. The marketing and societal implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
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175.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether demographic characteristics and sexual behavior online and offline were associated with private, respectively, nonprivate access to the Internet in a Web sample of people who use the Internet for sexual purposes. A total of 1,913 respondents completed an online questionnaire about Internet sexuality, and 1,614 reported using the Internet for sexual purposes. The majority of these respondents reported having access to an Internet-connected computer no one else had access to (62 percent women and 70 percent men). The results showed that it is possible to differentiate between those who have access to an Internet-connected computer no one else has access to and those who have shared access to an Internet-connected computer. Not only did they differ in demographic characteristics, but also in the sexual activities they engaged in on the Internet. Different patterns were found for women and men. For example, men who had private access to Internet-connected computers were more likely than those who had shared access to seek information about sexual issues. Thus, having access to Internet computers no one else has access to may promote sexual knowledge and health for men. The results of this study along with the technological development implies that in future research, attention should be paid to where and how people access the Internet in relation to online behavior in general and online sexual behavior in particular. 相似文献
176.
Charles A. Scherbaum Victoria Blanshetyn Elizabeth Marshall-Wolp Elizabeth McCue Ross Strauss 《Social Psychology of Education》2011,14(3):361-375
This study examines the relationship between stereotype threat and individual test-taking behaviors. Previous research has
examined the impact of stereotype threat on test scores, but little research has examined the impact of stereotype threat
on the test-taking behaviors impacting those scores. Using a pre-post experimental design, stereotype threat was manipulated
and test-taking behaviors (e.g., time spent per item, response changes) were measured while completing verbal ability items
before and after the manipulation. The results indicated that stereotype threat minimally impacted time-related test-taking
behaviors, but did impact behaviors related to response changes. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
177.
Self‐produced locomotion is regarded as a setting event for other developmental transitions in infancy with important implications for socioemotional development and parent–child interaction. Using an age‐held‐constant design, this study examined changes in reported infant behaviour and maternal proactive/reactive control and compared them with direct observations of infant and maternal behaviour associated with the development of self‐produced locomotion. Maternal reports were obtained prior to the locomotor transition and, for half the sample, after infants had transitioned to effective mobility. Observations of all infants were conducted shortly after the second interview. Prelocomotor and transitioning infants showed none of the expected behavioural differences (e.g. emotionality and compliance) associated with the locomotor transition. There was modest confirmation of expected differences in maternal behaviour, particularly in the use of reactive control techniques, and mothers of transitioning infants showed higher proactive controls before their infants began to crawl. These findings suggest that the changes in parent–child interaction associated with the locomotor transition may have as much to do with parental expectations than with changes in infant socioemotional behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
178.
White R Gumley A McTaggart J Rattrie L McConville D Cleare S Mitchell G 《Behaviour research and therapy》2011,49(12):901-907
The experience of psychosis can lead to depression, anxiety and fear. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) facilitates individuals to accept difficult mental experiences and behave in ways that are consistent with personally held values. This study was a single (rater) blind pilot randomised controlled trial of ACT for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Twenty-seven participants with psychosis were randomised to either: ten sessions of ACT plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills and Working Alliance Inventory were used. Individuals were assessed at baseline and 3 months post-baseline. The individuals randomised to receive ACT found the intervention acceptable. A significantly greater proportion of the ACT group changed from being depressed at time of entry into the study to not being depressed at follow-up. The ACT group showed a significantly greater increase in mindfulness skills and reduction in negative symptoms. Results indicated that individuals randomised to ACT had significantly fewer crisis contacts over the study. Changes in mindfulness skills correlated positively with changes in depression. ACT appears to offer promise in reducing negative symptoms, depression and crisis contacts in psychosis. 相似文献
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180.
Sara F. Waters Elita A. Virmani Ross A. Thompson Sara Meyer H. Abigail Raikes Rachel Jochem 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(1):37-47
This study examined the association between the security of attachment and processes influencing the development of emotion
regulation in young children. A sample of 73 4 1/2-year-olds and their mothers were observed in an emotion regulation probe
involving mild frustration for children, and mothers and children were later independently interviewed about how the child
had felt. Fewer than half the mothers agreed with children’s self-reports in the emotion they attributed to children (a lower
rate than the concordance of observer ratings with children’s self-reports), and higher mother-child concordance was associated
with secure attachment and mother’s beliefs about the importance of attending to and accepting their own emotions. Mother-child
conversations about recent events evoking children’s negative emotion were also analyzed. Children were less likely to avoid
conversing about negative feelings when they were in secure attachments and when mothers were more validating of the child’s
perspective. Children’s greater understanding of negative emotions was also significantly associated with higher mother-child
concordance and less child conversational avoidance. Taken together, these findings underscore the multiple influences of
attachment on emotion regulation and the importance of children’s emotion understanding to these processes. 相似文献