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891.
This paper exemplifies a secondary data analysis of context-specific differences in children's hyperactivity-impulsivity while controlling for informant-specific effects. Participants were boys and girls from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development who were measured in 1(st), 3(rd), and 5(th) grades. Latent factor models were structured using multi-informant reports including mothers, fathers, teachers, and observers. Temporal stability within a context was stronger than cross-context consistency, and the magnitude of longitudinal stability was higher in the home context compared to the school context. Controlling for informant-specific effects resulted in a significantly improved model fit and increased within-context stability. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both context and informant effects when studying longitudinal stability and change in personality development. 相似文献
892.
Lisa Y. Flores Chris Robitschek Christie Andersen 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2010,76(2):198-210
This study examined several propositions of social cognitive career theory (
[Lent et al., 1994] and [Lent et al., 2000]) with a sample of 393 Mexican American college students. It was hypothesized that person input (i.e., age) and background contextual variables (i.e., Anglo orientation, Mexican orientation, familism, instrumentality, and expressivity) would predict career self-efficacy across Holland’s (1997) six RIASEC types. In addition, we examined the proposed relations between career self-efficacy, career interests, and career choice goal across the six RIASEC areas. Our results indicated that (a) Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional career models were similar across gender and university affiliation groups, (b) gender differences were found in the Realistic career model, (c) institutional affiliation differences were found in the Investigative career model, and (d) the models were a good fit to the data. Implications for future vocational research and career interventions are discussed. 相似文献
893.
Body dissatisfaction, its risk factors and association with depressed mood have been well investigated in the West. However, more studies are needed to examine further the relation between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms and the factors influencing body dissatisfaction in non-Western cultures. The present study examined in a sample of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents the relation between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms, and the relation of maternal appraisal of their adolescent's figure to the adolescent's body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms. We obtained information from 379 boys and 254 girls about their body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms. Their mothers provided information about their appraisal of their adolescent's body shape and size compared to ideal. Body dissatisfaction was related to depressive symptoms in girls (B = 2.58, p <.01), but not in boys (B = -0.08, p >.10). Negative maternal appraisal did not have direct effects on adolescents' depressive symptoms (B = 0.14, p =.75), but the association between negative maternal appraisal and body dissatisfaction was significantly stronger in adolescents whose ideal was smaller than they perceived themselves to be (B = 0.32, p <.01) than those whose ideal was larger than their own perception (B = 0.14, p < .01). Our findings suggest that maternal appraisal had indirect effects on mood, acting through adolescents' body dissatisfaction, and that body dissatisfaction may be a sex-specific risk factor for depression. This study points to the need for testing and adapting programs to reduce body dissatisfaction particularly in girls at risk for depression, and to raise mothers' awareness of the link between their negative appraisals and their adolescents' body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms. 相似文献
894.
Nicole M. Rodriguez Rachel H. Thompson Tanya Y. Baynham 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(1):143-147
The current study presents a method for assessing the relative effects of attention and escape on noncompliance in preschoolers. Attention and escape conditions were alternated in a multielement design, and a contingency reversal procedure, in which one test condition served as a control for the other, was used to demonstrate control. For all 3 participants, noncompliance was maintained, at least in part, by social attention. Functional analyses of noncompliance such as the one described here may be valuable for developing function‐based treatments. 相似文献
895.
Eunice Y. Chen Daniel le Grange Angela Celio Doyle Shannon Zaitsoff Peter Doyle James P. Roehrig Blaine Washington 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2010,40(4):219-224
This case series aims to examine the preliminary efficacy, acceptability and feasibility of Family-Based Treatment to promote
weight restoration in young adults with anorexia nervosa. Four young adults with sub/threshold anorexia nervosa were provided
11–20 sessions of Family-Based Treatment for young adults with pre-, post- and follow-up assessments. At post- and follow-up,
3/4 participants were in the normal weight range, 3/4 were in the non-clinical range on the Eating Disorders Examination and
reported being not/mildly depressed. At post-treatment, 2/4 were in the good psychosocial functioning range and by follow-up,
3/4 were in this range. These results suggest that Family-Based Treatment for young adults with anorexia nervosa is a promising
treatment. 相似文献
896.
897.
Y. K. Kwan 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2010,11(3):383-393
Self-assessed health in four items of the Health Related Quality of Life Scale, overall health, physical health, mental health,
and activity limitation, and perceived life satisfaction in six domains of the Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction
Scale, overall life, family life, friendships, school experience, myself, and where I live were examined among 4,502 Chinese
adolescent secondary school students in Hong Kong. Relative to the US adolescents in Youth Risk Behavior Survey the Hong Kong
adolescents had very low levels of self-assessed health and life satisfaction. Among the different domains, family and school
life were associated with the lowest satisfaction level. There were strong male advantages in self-assessed health and migrant
disadvantages in life satisfaction. Age was negatively related to both health and life satisfaction. Two-parent family was
a positive factor for adolescents’ quality of life but economic well-being was not a relevant factor. 相似文献
898.
In this article, a framework is suggested to deal with the analysis of global environmental risk governance. Climate Change
is taken as a particular form of contemporary environmental risk, and mobilised to refine and characterize some salient aspects
of new governance challenges. A governance framework is elaborated along three basic features: (1) a close relationship with
science, (2) an in-built reflexivity, and (3) forms of governmentality. The UNFCCC-centered system is then assessed according
to this three-tier framework. While the two-first requisites are largely met, the analysis of governmentality points to some
institutional weak spots. 相似文献
899.
In representational momentum (RM), the final position of a moving target is mislocalized in the direction of motion. Here, the effect of a concurrent sound on visual RM was demonstrated. A visual stimulus moved horizontally and disappeared at unpredictable positions. A complex tone without any motion cues was presented continuously from the beginning of the visual motion. As compared with a silent condition, the RM magnitude increased when the sound lasted longer than and decreased when it did not last as long as the visual motion. However, the RM was unchanged when a brief complex tone was presented before or after the target disappeared (Experiment 2) or when the onset of the long-lasting sound was not synchronized with that of the visual motion (Experiments 3 and 4). These findings suggest that visual motion representation can be modulated by a sound if the visual motion information is firmly associated with the auditory information. 相似文献
900.
The present study has investigated the occurrence of body image dissatisfaction among adolescent schoolgirls in Amman, Jordan, and the risk factors that are known to predispose it including individual, familial and social variables. A sample of 326 adolescent girls aged 10–16 years was recruited from public and private schools in Amman. Participants completed a socio-demographic data sheet, eating attitude test, and body shape questionnaire. Approximately, 21.2% of participants displayed body image dissatisfaction in which physical changes associated with puberty and exhibiting negative eating attitudes were associated with this dissatisfaction. Additionally, mass media messages, as well as peers and family pressures towards thinness were associated with participants’ preoccupation with their body image. In conclusion, negative body image perception was observed in the present sample. Therefore, well-controlled prospective studies and development of intervention programs on body image among adolescent girls in Jordan are needed. 相似文献