不同分类水平自然类概念的实例效应

采用Heit和Barsalou的实验范式,以不同分类水平的中文语义自然类概念为实验材料验证实例效应。研究包括2个实验,被试为180名全日制在校大学生。实验1为无修饰词概念的典型性研究．结果表明人们不仅在抽象的水平上表征概念,也在具体的实例水平上表征概念。实验2用不同分类水平的自然类概念检验了在更广泛的概念范围内的实例效应,结果表明,不同分类水平的下位概念和下位概念实例在上位概念中的平均典型性大多显著相关,而且下位概念的实例在不同分类水平上位概念中（如：动物、小动物）的变化趋势和下位概念在不同分类水平上位概念中的变化趋势一致。实验1和实验2的结果均支持了Heit和Barsalou提出的实例效应。     

论道德挫折

道德挫折是利他行为者遭到受助者消极或恶意回应而产生的心理挫折形式,其不仅是一种个人挫折,更是一种社会挫折,即造成了社会资本的损失.对于道德挫折,应从其心理发生机制来加以深入探析,即主要从挫折情境、挫折认知与挫折反应来加以说明.另外,道德挫折对于学校道德教育而言既是必须面对的挑战,也是可以积极利用的遭遇.     

马克思物质变换思想与生态伦理重构

在人类中心主义和非人类中心主义对人与自然关系所做的道德谋划失败以后,马克思关于劳动首先是人与自然之间的物质变换的思想,既为重新确认生态伦理学存在的合法性提供了正当理由,也为生态伦理以善恶为核心向道德权利以义务为核心的转向奠定了基础.从马克思的物质变换思想出发,生态伦理何以为善的根据不再是人的利益,也不再是自然本身的权利和内在价值,而是人与自然之间的物质变换,正是这种物质变换决定了人类拥有向自然界提取自己所需物质资料以养育自身的道德权利,也规定了人类必须承担反馈自身的能量以养育自然环境的道德义务.     

NASA TLX: Software for assessing subjective mental workload

The NASA Task Load Index (TLX) is a popular technique for measuring subjective mental workload. It relies on a multidimensional construct to derive an overall workload score based on a weighted average of ratings on six subscales: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration level. A program for implementing a computerized version of the NASA TLX is described. The software version assists in simplifying collection, postprocessing, and storage of raw data. The program collects raw data from the subject and calculates the weighted (or unweighted) workload score, which is output to a text file. The program can also be tailored to a specific experiment using a simple input text file, if desired. The program was designed in Visual Studio 2005 and is capable of running on a Pocket PC with Windows CE or on a PC with Windows 2000 or higher. The NASA TLX program is available for free download.     

A mechanism for elliptic-like bursting and synchronization of bursts in a map-based neuron network

A system consisting of two Rulkov map-based neurons coupled through reciprocal electrical synapses as a simple phenomenological example is discussed. When the electrical coupling is excitatory, the square-wave bursting can be well predicted by the bifurcation analysis of a comparatively simple low-dimensional subsystem embedded in the invariant manifold. While, when the synapses are inhibitory due to the artificial electrical coupling, a fast–slow analysis is carried out by treating the two slow variables as two different bifurcation parameters. The main result of this paper is to present a mechanism for the occurrence of a kind of special elliptic bursting. The mechanism for this kind of elliptic-like bursting is due to the interaction between two chaotic oscillations with different amplitudes. Moreover, the generation of antiphase synchronization of networks lies in the different switching orders between two pairs of different chaotic oscillations corresponding to the first neuron and the second neuron, respectively.     

Hippocampal long-term potentiation, memory, and longevity in mice that overexpress mitochondrial superoxide dismutase

Superoxide has been shown to be critically involved in several pathological manifestations of aging animals. In contrast, superoxide also can act as a signaling molecule to modulate signal transduction cascades required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD-2 or Mn-SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide. Thus, SOD-2 may not only prevent aging-related oxidative stress, but may also regulate redox signaling in young animals. We used transgenic mice overexpressing SOD-2 to study the role of mitochondrial superoxide in aging, synaptic plasticity, and memory-associated behavior. We found that overexpression of SOD-2 had no obvious effect on synaptic plasticity and memory formation in young mice, and could not rescue the age-related impairments in either synaptic plasticity or memory in old mice. However, SOD-2 overexpression did decrease mitochondrial superoxide in hippocampal neurons, and extended the lifespan of the mice. These findings increase our knowledge of the role of mitochondrial superoxide in physiological and pathological processes in the brain.     

多重情绪智力量表(MEIS)的信度、结构效度及应用评价研究

对多重情绪智力量表（MEIS）的信度和结构效度进行了实证检验,结果发现,MEIS的内部一致性信度（a）系数偏低,各分量表的分半信度系数很低;MEIS总量表的结构效度明显不足,对七个分量表的因素分析结果显示,每个维度对总量表的贡献率很低;无法满足Mayer和Salovey情绪智力4维度理论框架。对4个维度逐一进行二阶因素分析结果均揭示,MEIS明显缺乏每个维度所设定的4因素的结构效度,项目效率明显不足,因此,MEIS尚不具备有效测量情绪智力的功能。     

教师组织公民行为与学校效能的关系研究

采用自编教师组织公民行为问卷和我国台湾学者陈信君编制的学校效能问卷,对301名中小学教师进行问卷调查。结果表明：①高级职称教师的组织公民行为高于低级职称教师;②省一级学校教师的组织公民行为高于市一级学校教师,而市一级学校教师的组织公民行为高于区一级学校教师;③教师组织公民行为与学校效能之间存在着显著的正相关;④教师组织公民行为的学校认同、责任意识和利他行为因素对学校效能有着显著的预测作用。     

构建学校-家庭-社会一体化心理健康教育模式*

影响中小学生心理健康的因素包括学校、家庭和社会多个方面,但是本研究通过调查发现目前我国的中小学生心理健康教育呈现出单一化的倾向,心理健康教育的主要实施者是学校,家庭和社会在学生心理健康教育中的地位和作用没有得到充分的体现,这种状况势必会影响中小学心理健康教育的成效。本文系统阐释了建立学校-家庭-社会一体化心理健康教育模式的必要性、途径和方法,并根据实际提出了相应的对策建议。