转型期我国农村邪教问题探究

改革开放以后,一些貌似宗教却并非宗教的非法邪教组织,伴随着宗教世俗化的浪潮在我国部分农村地区纷纷粉墨登场。这些邪教多以农民容易接受的形式,宣扬世界末日论,美化神化教主,一定程度上的强制洗脑,最终达到对信徒的思想控制、骗取钱财、妖言惑众、秘密结社、危害社会的目的,对贫瘠的农村构成了相当的负面影响。邪教已成为农村中一股不可忽视的邪恶势力。一、农村邪教的危害1.农村邪教的非法活动严重威胁我国农村基层政权的稳定,这是农村邪教组织的最大危害。2.农村邪教的非法活动对农村的物质文明、精神文明建设构成了巨大的危害。农村邪…     

关于阅读中的外显与内隐问题研究--兼谈高师英语阅读教学改革

目的：从新课程视角,探讨英语阅读中的外显与内隐问题,为阅读教学改革提供理论依据。方法：根据外显学习和内隐学习理论,对分析性阅读和概括性阅读进行分析比较,考察被试在分析性(外显的)和概括性(内隐的)阅读的时候,是如何“投射”出自己获取信息技能的过程的。结果：(1)阅读中存在着内隐现象且具有与外显性阅读相近的阅读成绩和效率;(2)各组被试阅读过程中未见有显著的性别差异;(3)外显阅读组和内隐阅读组均存在着特别显著的年级差异。结论：对于知识的吸收掌握和应用以及阅读能力的培养,外显阅读与内隐阅读各具有特色,互为补充,阅读教学中应充分认识到外显与内隐在阅读理解中的不同效果与作用。     

Revised Space Fortress: A validation study

We describe briefly the redevelopment of Space Fortress (SF), a research tool widely used to study training of complex tasks involving both cognitive and motor skills, to be executed on currentgeneration systems with significantly extended capabilities, and then compare the performance of human participants on an original PC version of Space Fortress (SF) with the revised Space Fortress (RSF). Participants trained on SF or RSF for 10 sets of eight 3-min practice trials and two 3-min test trials. They then took tests involving retention, resistance to secondary task interference, and transfer to a different control system. They then switched from SF to RSF or from RSF to SF for 2 sets of final tests and completed rating scales comparing RSF and SF. Slight differences were predicted on the basis of a scoring error in the original version of SF used and on slightly more precise joystick control in RSF. The predictions were supported. The SF group started better but did worse when they transferred to RSF. Despite the disadvantage of having to be cautious in generalizing from RSF to SF, we conclude that RSF has many advantages, which include accommodating new PC hardware and new training techniques. A monograph that presents the methodology used in creating RSF, details on its performance and validation, and directions on how to download free copies of the system may be downloaded from www .psychonomic.org/archive/.     

Heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifice of same-sex couples

Drawing on the family stress process model and using data from 141 same-sex couples (N = 282 partners), we examined associations between heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifices (i.e., willingness and behaviors). We also examined the moderating roles of both partners' internalized homophobia and state-level liberalism on same-sex marriage legalization. Actor-partner interdependence moderation models were conducted. Most of our findings supported hypotheses from the family stress process model. One individual's experiences of greater heterosexist discrimination were related to the partner's higher levels of sacrifice willingness and the individual's own higher frequency of sacrifice behaviors. Such associations emerged (a) among couples living in more liberal states that legalized same-sex marriage earlier, and (b) when the individual's partner reported lower levels of internalized homophobia. Yet the moderating role of an individual's internalized homophobia was the opposite of our hypothesis. When individuals reported high (versus low) internalized homophobia, individuals' experiences of more discriminative events were related to partners' higher levels of sacrifice willingness. Collectively, our study findings highlight that—when investigating how same-sex couples forge and maintain romantic bonds—researchers should consider their experiences in the social cultural context of heteronormativity, which includes the focus on discrimination, stigma, and affirmative laws and policies.     

主动性人格对大学生求职行为影响机制的追踪研究

基于求职自我效能感和就业情境压力感知视角,考察主动性人格对大学生求职行为的影响及其作用机制。采用问卷调查法,在珠三角地区6所高校选取1000名大四学生进行为期6个月的追踪测查,对前、后侧均参加调查的658名被试数据进行统计分析。结果表明:主动性人格对求职行为具有显著的正向促进作用;求职自我效能感在主动性人格与求职行为之间起部分中介作用;就业情境压力正向调节主动性人格与求职行为之间的关系,即感知的就业情境压力越大,主动性人格与求职行为之间的正向关系越强。     

Multilevel Factor Analysis: Reporting Guidelines and a Review of Reporting Practices

We provide reporting guidelines for multilevel factor analysis (MFA) and use these guidelines to systematically review 72 MFA applications in journals across a range of disciplines (e.g., education, health/nursing, management, and psychology) published between 1994 and 2014. Results are organized in terms of the (a) characteristics of the MFA application (e.g., construct measured), (b) purpose (e.g., measurement validation), (c) data source (e.g., number of cases at Level 1 and Level 2), (d) statistical approach (e.g., maximum likelihood), and (e) results reported (e.g., intraclass correlations for indicators and latent variables, standardized factor loadings, fit indices). Results from this review have implications for applied researchers interested in expanding their approaches to psychometric analyses and construct validation within a multilevel framework and for methodologists using Monte Carlo methods to explore technical and methodological issues grounded in realistic research design conditions.     

国内十个地区7—12岁儿童数学概念和运算能力发展的初步研究

本文综合了对我国十个地区959名7—12岁儿童的协作研究结果。探讨了儿童在认数、数序和系列、数的组成、运算和应用等四个方面的发展情况,并对儿童数学概念和运算能力发展中知识学习与数概念发展的关系、发展的过程、环境的影响、发展的阶段性等方面进行了讨论,也谈到了协作方法问题。     

Phone follow up to families of COVID-19 patients who died at the hospital: families' grief reactions and clinical psychologists' roles

A proportion of persons affected by coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) die and do so in extraordinary circumstances. This can make grief management extremely challenging for families. The Clinical Psychology unit of an Italian hospital offered a bereavement follow-up call to such families. This study aimed to explore the families' experiences and needs collected during these calls, and the role that the psychologists played through the call. A total of 246 families were called over 3 months. Multiple qualitative methods included: (i) written reports of the calls with relatives of patients who died at the hospital for COVID-19; (ii) qualitative semi-structured interviews with psychologists involved in the calls; (iii) observation of psychologists' peer group discussions. A thematic analysis was conducted. Six themes emerged: without death rituals, solitary, unexpected, unfair, unsafe, coexisting with other stressors. Families' reactions were perceived by psychologists as close to a traumatic grief. Families' needs ranged from finding alternative rituals to giving meaning and expressing different emotions. The psychologists played both a social-institutional and a psychological-human role through the calls (e.g., they cured disrupted communication or validated feelings and choices). This study highlighted the potential of traumatic grief of families of COVID-19 victims, and provided indications for supporting them within the space of a short phone call.     

Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Moderated Mediation Model

Low family socioeconomic status (SES) is linked with adolescents’ symptoms of depression, but little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association. Based on ecosystem theory and the organism-environment interaction model, we tested whether emotional resilience mediated the relationship between family SES and depressive symptoms, and whether parent–child relationship quality moderated the relationship. Adolescents (N?=?724) from one middle school in central China completed self-reported questionnaires regarding demographic variables, family SES, emotional resilience, parent–child relationship quality, and depressive symptoms. Regression-based mediation analysis indicated that emotional resilience mediated the association between family SES and depressive symptoms. Parent–child relationship quality moderated two components of this mediation process, namely the effects of low SES on both emotional resilience and depressive symptoms. In both cases, a high quality parent–child relationship ameliorated the adverse effects of low family SES. That is, adolescents with a higher quality relationship with their parent appeared to be less affected by low family SES. The study reveals how and when family SES may affect adolescents’ depressive symptoms, and highlights the protective effect of a high quality parent–child relationship in a low SES environment.

     

Preregistration Is Neither Sufficient nor Necessary for Good Science

To address widespread perceptions of a reproducibility crisis in the social sciences, a growing number of scholars recommend the systematic preregistration of empirical studies. The purpose of this article is to contribute to an epistemological dialogue on the value of preregistration in consumer research by identifying the limitations, drawbacks, and potential adverse effects of a preregistration system. After a brief review of some of the implementation challenges that commonly arise with preregistration, we raise three levels of issues with a system of preregistration. First, we identify its limitations as a means of advancing consumer knowledge, thus questioning the sufficiency of preregistration in promoting good consumer science. Second, we elaborate on why consumer science can progress even in the absence of preregistration, thereby also questioning the necessity of preregistration in promoting good consumer science. Third, we discuss serious potential adverse effects of preregistration, both at the individual researcher level and at the level of the field as a whole. We conclude by offering a broader perspective on the narrower role that preregistration can play within the general pursuit of building robust and useful knowledge about consumers.