哈贝马斯在汉语世界的历史效果--以《公共领域的结构转型》为例

本文的着眼点不是全面而系统地梳理哈贝马斯在汉语学界被接受的历史过程,而是试图以哈贝马斯的代表作《公共领域的结构转型》作为范例,通过该书在汉语学界近十年来的接受、研究与应用,来阐述哈贝马斯在汉语世界的历史效果,并试图为建立哈贝马斯与汉语世界之间的良性互动关系寻找途径。     

分类的样例观及其研究进展

分类研究近年来已成为认知科学研究的一个重点,样例观是基于相似性表征的,自从产生以来获得了很大发展。该文对于样例观及其近年来出现的样例模型进行了比较全面的介绍,然后介绍了心理学界针对样例观的争论,最后提出各种分类模型的整合是未来样例观的发展趋势。     

Adaptation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) for Vietnam

Intelligence testing is used for many purposes including identification of children for proper educational placement (e.g., children with learning disabilities, or intellectually gifted students), and to guide education by identifying cognitive strengths and weaknesses so that teachers can adapt their instructional style to students’ specific learning styles. Most of the research involving intelligence tests has been conducted in highly developed Western countries Yet the need for intelligence testing is as or even more important in developing countries. The present study, conducted through the Vietnam National University Clinical Psychology CRISP Center, focused on the cultural adaptation of the WISC-IV intelligence test for Vietnam. We report on (a) the adaptation process including the translation, cultural analysis and modifications involved in adaptation, (b) present results of two pilot studies, and (c) describe collection of the standardization sample and results of analyses with the standardization sample, with the goal of sharing our experience with other researchers who may be involved in or interested in adapting or developing IQ tests for non-Western, non-English speaking cultures.     

从科学发展的维度看邪教问题

科学与邪教都是人类社会中存在的复杂现象,两者之间的关系也是非常复杂的。从本质上看,科学发展与邪教是对立的。从表现形态看,科学发展状况与邪教并非完全对立。科学发展带来的许多方面的社会后果,有些有利于对邪教的防范与抵制,有些则可以为邪教的产生和流传提供各种不同的空间。要防范抵制邪教,应该大力发展和普及科学、培养科学的想象力、守卫好科学的边界等等。     

高中生学习策略调查研究

用自编量表调查了一所重点高中和一所普通高中2658名学生的学习策略状况。因素分析结果显示:高中生学习策略可用一个三层次结构的图式表征,最概括的顶层为主导性和辅助性两大策略群;中间层次为学习态度调整、学习行为管理、学习方法运用、学习环境适应、课外活动调控等五大策略亚群;基层次为良好的学习心态,积极合理规划学习生活,预习和复习总结,营造学习的人际环境,劳逸结合、丰富课余生活等19项策略子群。重点高中学生、成绩好的学生、年级高的学生,在主导性策略方面存在优势,主要体现在学习态度调整和学习方法运用这2个策略亚群上。在学习策略的性别差异上,男生更善于营造学习的人际环境、运用学习行为管理方面的策略,而女生则更注重学习方法运用的策略。     

Use of three depression scales for evaluation of pretreatment severity and of improvement after treatment

We investigated the Castilian Spanish versions of three scales (the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Carroll Rating Scale for Depression, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) as to their suitability for classifying major depression patients in four levels of severity prior to treatment with tricyclic antidepressants, and also as to their suitability for classifying these patients in four improvement levels when administered posttreatment. Although the scales behaved quite similarly, each was most efficient at the task for which it had been designed, i.e., severity rating for the Hamilton and Carroll scales, improvement rating for the Montgomery-Asberg scale.     

Gray Matter Atrophy in the Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic Network and Sensorimotor Network in Relapsing–Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Neuropsychology Review - Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be associated with disability and cognitive impairment, but previous studies have sometimes had discordant...     

Correction to: Gray Matter Atrophy in the Cortico‑Striatal‑Thalamic Network and Sensorimotor Network in Relapsing–Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Neuropsychology Review - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09503-6     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chinese calligraphy practice and aggressive behaviors among children: The role of trait aggression and aggressive motivation

The current research tested whether calligraphy practice could decrease aggressive behaviors (measured by the Competitive Reaction Time Task) in a sample of 120 aggressive children (M_age = 8.58, SD = 1.50). Half of the children were randomly assigned to practice copying pleasant calligraphy (experimental condition), while the other half copied neutral calligraphy (control condition). Results showed that copying pleasant calligraphy decreased aggression in comparison to copying neutral calligraphy. Specifically, the effect was more salient among boys than for girls. Moderation analysis suggested that the effect of pleasant calligraphy practice on aggressive behaviors was not moderated by trait aggression. This effect, however, was fully mediated by aggressive motivation. These findings indicated that copying pleasant calligraphy may be an effective measure to reduce as well as to prevent aggressive behaviors among children nominated by teachers as aggressive. Specifically, boys may be regarded as the key target group to decrease aggressive behaviors by using pleasant calligraphy. Limitations and implications of the study were discussed.

     

On Not Confusing the Tree of Trustworthy Statistics with the Greater Forest of Good Science: A Comment on Simmons et al.’s Perspective on Pre‐registration

In this commentary on Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (this issue), we examine their rationale for pre‐registration within the broader perspective of what good science is. We agree that there is potential benefit in a system of pre‐registration if implemented selectively. However, we believe that other tools of open science such as the full sharing of study materials and open access to underlying data, provide most of the same benefits—and more (i.e., the prevention of outright fraud)—without risking the potential adverse consequences of a system of pre‐registration. This is why we favor these other means of controlling type I error and fostering transparency. Direct replication, as opposed to conceptual replication, should be encouraged as well.