预期性思考、自我调节导向与非计划购买

当消费者对非计划购买产生犹豫时,营销者应如何引导他们的购买行为？本文通过准实验与控制实验的方法探究该问题。研究结果显示：（1）营销者可以通过设计预期欣喜和预期后悔信息提高其非计划购买意向;（2）但是预期性思考的有效性还受到消费者自我调节导向的影响：预期欣喜对提高趋利导向消费者的非计划购买意向较有效,预期后悔对提高避害导向消费者的非计划购买意向较有效;（3）预期欣喜和预期后悔通过影响消费者对购买合理性的判断而影响他们的非计划购买意向。     

人与非人动物"嵌合体"研究的伦理学分析与思考

人与非人动物嵌合体的研究,作为人类提高自身健康素质的技术工具,以科学技术的形式改变着人们的生活方式和思维方式,寻找遗传性或者难治性疾病的致病基因和治疗新途径,追求个人和社会整体的良好生存状态,有着巨大的医疗价值,符合"行善"的伦理原则,应该允许限制性的开展.考虑到可能引发的伦理和高技术风险,履行审慎的准入制度.进行规范的伦理管理和严格的法规、行政管理是非常必要的.     

阿伦特政治哲学研究述评

汉娜·阿伦特(Hannah Arendt,1906～1975)之所以为世人所熟知,"不仅因为她是20世纪最富原创性和最有影响力的政治哲学家之一,同时也因为她是一位令人感到困惑的学者."[1]阿伦特的政治哲学著作涉及各种不同的主题,包括极权主义、政治行动在人类生活中的影响、艾希曼的审判、现代革命传统的意义、政治自由与权威的本质、人类精神生活的能力等.现将国内外有关阿伦特政治哲学研究的主要成果做一综述和简单的评论.     

Motion sickness in quail: body-rotation-induced conditioned fluid aversions in C. coturnix japonica

The presence of motion sickness in Japanese quail (C. coturnix japonica) was examined by using a conditioned fluid aversion as an index. Twenty-three birds were divided into three groups. One group received a novel fluid (yellow-sour water) followed by 30 min of body rotation at 70 rpm (on a schedule of 15 s on and 5 s off). Another group received the novel fluid followed by exposure to a sham rotation procedure. The third group experienced the rotation procedure following access to water. The group receiving the rotation procedure contingent on presentation of the novel fluid exhibited a conditioned aversion to this fluid (relative to the control groups) over days of acquisition (p less than .025) which subsequently dissipated when rotation was no longer contingent on the presentation of the yellow-sour water (extinction). These data thus demonstrate the presence of motion sickness in a gallinaceous species as indexed by a conditioned fluid aversion procedure.     

Stressful life events, bipolar disorder, and the "kindling model"

A common misconception is that bipolar disorder is an endogenous process. However, previous research suggests a role for life events in the onset of and recovery from bipolar episodes. Yet, there remains some question as to whether the relationship between life events and onset changes over the course of the disorder as a result of the number of episodes an individual has experienced. Using a rigorous interview measure of stressful life events, the current study tested the kindling model (R. M. Post, 1992), which theorizes that major life events play a diminishing role over the course of illness in bipolar patients. Analyses revealed that the number of episodes experienced does not appear to have a significant effect on bipolar 1 patients' reactivity to external stressors. In addition, the results suggest that a more complex relationship exists among age, stress, and onset of new episodes than can be adequately explained by the kindling model.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Special Topic:</Emphasis> Creativity in Christianity and Confucianism

By focusing on the Confucian ideal of forming one body with Heaven, Earth, and myriad things, I argue that the distinctive feature of Chinese cosmology is not the absence of cosmogonist concerns, but faith in the interconnectedness of all modalities of being as the result of the continuous creativity of the cosmic process.     

关于科学与宗教关系的一些思考

一、对立统一是科学与宗教关系的简单表述我想站在辩证的立场整合先哲和同人业以提供的关于科学与宗教关系的观点。     

Determinants of pro‐environmental consumption intention in rural China: The role of traditional cultures,personal attitudes and reference groups

This study aimed to identify social‐psychological predictors of pro‐environmental consumption intention in rural China. To this end, a proposed conceptual model was tested by analyzing the survey data derived from 972 rural respondents in Jiangxi province in south‐eastern China. Results showed that the endorsement of traditional cultures (man–nature orientation and collectivism) was linked with pro‐environmental consumption behaviuor, but was mediated by intentions. Personal attitudes (environmental cognition and environmental affect) and reference groups influenced both intention and behaviour. The results also provided good evidence of the intention–behaviour relationship. These findings provided a better understanding of the process in which Chinese rural residents developed their pro‐environmental consumption behaviours.     

基于项目自动生成的认知诊断测验开发

认知诊断、项目自动生成是现代心理测量领域的重要发展领域,二者的结合更是心理测量领域亟待开展的重要课题。本研究以小学数学问题解决认知诊断项目自动生成为例,探讨认知诊断领域的项目生成技术及算法。研究发现：(1)计算机自生成的项目参数与原模板参数具有较高的一致性。(2)同一项目模板下生成的不同试题的测量学特征基本不变。(3)同一批被试在自动生成的两份试卷的前、后测的能力( )值高度相关(r=0.811),前、后两次对被试诊断结果的一致性高达86.5%。这表明本文所设计的认知诊断测验项目的自动生成技术及其算法基本可行,小学数学问题解决认知诊断项目的自动生成效果较好。这也为其它认知诊断领域的项目自动生成提供了技术借鉴和支持。