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The study was planned to investigate the effect of a sensory integration therapy program on sensory problems of children with autism. This study was conducted at the Trakya University Training and Research Center for Mentally and Physically Handicapped Children in Turkey. The children were separated into two groups, each comprising 15 children between 7 and 11 years of age with autism, according to DSM-IV criteria. The children in each group were assessed initially on a checklist, Sensory Evaluation Form for Children with Autism, developed to evaluate sensory characteristics of children with autism, and at the end of the study, participants were assessed again on the checklist. Statistically significant differences between groups indicated that the sensory integration therapy program positively affected treated children. 相似文献
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Several studies have been conducted on OCD patients' memory and metamemory performance in episodic tasks. However, there is a clear lack of research addressing these issues for semantic memory (i.e., retrieval of information from long-term memory). Although findings regarding a memory deficit is somewhat equivocal, the empirical evidence clearly demonstrates that OCD patients with primarily checking compulsions show reduced confidence in their memory performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate memory and metamemory performance of checkers in semantic memory domain. We compared checker OCD patients, non-checker OCD patients and normal controls on their ability to retrieve answers to general knowledge questions with a recall as well as a recognition test. We also investigated prospective (feeling-of-knowing (FOK)) and retrospective (confidence) metamemory judgments. Checker OCs were not poorer in retrieving semantic information from long-term memory. Neither were they less confident about their ability to remember currently unrecallable information in the future (FOK judgments) or about the accuracy of retrieved information (confidence judgments). Moreover, accuracy of metamemory judgments were comparable across groups. Overall, our results revealed that checker OCs do not show a memory or metamemory deficit when semantic memory was concerned, suggesting that any memory and metamemory deficit may be special to recently experienced materials. 相似文献
206.
The authors report the results of two studies in which they explored the relationship of related and individuated self-construals, as suggested by the balanced integration-differentiation (BID) model (E. O. Imamo?lu, 2003), with (a) general attachment security in the first study (N = 168 Turkish university students) and (b) relationship-specific attachment security with the family, peers, and romantic partners in the second study (N = 110 Turkish university students). Results indicated that attachment security tended to be associated with the relational self-orientation; however, when relatedness was complemented with individuation, there was a trend toward enhanced attachment security that reached significance when multiple measures of attachment across relationship contexts were considered. The authors discuss results with reference to their implications for attachment theory and the BID model. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic nature of the cortical visuospatial attention processes during the line bisection test, which is sensitive to perceptual asymmetries. EEGs of 26 normal volunteers were recorded during the administration of a computerized line bisection test, which requires participants mark the midline of lines using a mouse. Two event-related potentials subsequent and time locked to the line presentations, namely, P300 and a positive slow wave, were obtained. Findings suggested that both potentials were related to the test performance, and the right hemisphere was more active. Analysis suggested a right parietotemporal and superior parietal locus for the P300 and right prefrontal activity for the positive slow wave. A dynamic asymmetrical activity was identified, such that after primary visual perception, spatial processing is then initiated in the right parietotemporal cortex and then proceeds to the right prefrontal cortex. 相似文献
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Borrero JC Crisolo SS Tu Q Rieland WA Ross NA Francisco MT Yamamoto KY 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2007,40(4):589-601
Using a procedure similar to the one described by Conger and Killeen (1974), we evaluated levels of attending for 25 college students who participated in either a 20-min (n = 12) or 30-min (n = 13) discussion on juvenile delinquency. Confederates delivered statements of agreement (e.g., "I agree with that point") according to independent variable-interval schedules. Pooled results were evaluated using three generalized formulations of the matching law, and showed that matching was more likely during the first 5 min of the discussion than during the last 5 min. Individual data for 7 of 9 participants were better described by the generalized response-rate matching equation than by the generalized time-allocation matching equation when response allocation was characterized in terms of frequency rather than duration. 相似文献
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Tactile perception depends on the contributions of four psychophysical tactile channels mediated by four corresponding receptor systems. The sensitivity of the tactile channels is determined by detection thresholds that vary as a function of the stimulus frequency. It has been widely reported that tactile thresholds increase (i.e., sensitivity decreases) as a function of age. However, there is controversial evidence with regard to the progressive loss of sensitivity starting from childhood. In this study, the tactile thresholds of children (n=9, ages 7-11 years) were measured and compared with the thresholds of young adults (n=11, ages 21-27 years). The stimuli consisted of sinusoidal bursts of mechanical displacements, which were applied to the left index fingertips of the participants by using a cylindrical probe (base area=0.126 cm2) without a contactor surround. Absolute thresholds were measured at frequencies of 2, 10, 40, 100, 250, and 500 Hz without masking. The absolute thresholds decreased at high frequencies and were similar to data from the literature except for some discrepancy because of methodological differences. In addition, the threshold of the non-Pacinian I channel was measured at 40 Hz by elevating the thresholds of the Pacinian channel by forward masking. The effects of forward masking in children were similar to results in young adults. In conclusion, there were no significant differences between the tactile thresholds of children and those of young adults at key frequencies: 40 Hz for the Pacinian and non-Pacinian I channels and 250 Hz for the Pacinian channel. These findings contradict the hypothesis that there is gradual loss of tactile sensitivity starting from childhood to early adulthood. The loss of sensitivity due to aging probably is more abrupt and occurs at a later age. 相似文献
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Recent findings demonstrating that the Simon effect diminishes when the preceding trial is a noncorresponding trial led researchers
to develop two alternative accounts. The conflict monitoring account argues that the automatic activation from stimulus location
information is under the regulation of a control mechanism, which adjusts the level of activation depending on conflict in
the preceding trial. In contrast, the feature integration account holds that sequential modulations of the Simon effect can
be attributed to the integration of stimulus and response features into event files. Previous research demonstrated a potential
contribution to sequential modulations from both mechanisms. We use a four-choice task to extend these findings and to investigate
the exact nature of the feature overlap effects. Both conflict monitoring and feature overlap effects were found to contribute
to sequential modulations. However, the feature overlap effects did not conform to predictions of the feature integration
account. We argue that the feature overlap effects are accounted for better by strategic shortcuts in response selection. 相似文献