This study investigated the quality of life of individuals with acquired brain injuries (ABI) across a one- to fifteen-year
post-injury time span. This allows us to identify the health and service needs of individuals with ABI and provide direction
for further improvement. Twenty-nine individuals were invited from the local Self-Help Group for the Brain-Damaged to participate
in this study. Four instruments were used to help in the investigation of the subjective components of the quality of life,
including the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS). The instruments used were the
Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Lawton Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. After analysis of the results
and their interpretation, there was no significant difference between the post-injury groups in their scores of negative affect.
It is suggested that there should be services, such as psychotherapy, to help reduce the existence of negative moods. Improvement
in the IADL aspect should be more focused in future rehabilitation services to allow people to enjoy a fuller life. 相似文献
In negotiations, people tend to perceive a deadline as more detrimental to themselves than to their opponents. This phenomenon is termed myopic perception. The present research proposes that myopic perception can be understood as a result of an anchoring effect due to the question order used in probing the perception of a deadline. When people estimate deal prices before rating the influence of a deadline, their judgements are anchored on their negotiation outcomes, making their perception egocentric, which leads to myopic perception. As a result, myopic perception was hypothesized to be reduced by reversing the above question order to change the respondents' judgement anchor from negotiation outcomes to negotiation procedures. In Study 1, myopic perception disappeared when participants rated the general influence of a deadline before estimating deal price in a negotiation scenario. In Study 2, pairs of participants negotiated under a tight deadline. Myopic perception of a deadline was manipulated before the negotiation. Dyads without myopic perception had a smaller discrepancy in reservation price. However, myopic perception had no effect on impasse rates or final deal prices. The results are discussed with respect to behavioural forecasting and practical implications of myopic perception. 相似文献
The mixed-method study reported here was designed to evaluate a strengths-based career intervention program for secondary school students with mild special educational needs (SEN). A sample of 32 SEN students (19 boys: 13 girls) from 5 inclusive schools in Hong Kong were recruited to a treatment group. An additional 32 SEN students (19 boys: 13 girls) were selected to form the control group matched for age, gender and parents’ education level. The special needs exhibited by both groups were in areas of literacy and numeracy, attention deficits, and social-emotional problems, but did not include severe or complex disabilities. Participants in both groups responded to pre- and post-intervention questionnaires covering career development self-efficacy, personal and social development self-efficacy, and meaning in life. As a follow-up, two teachers and three social workers providing support to SEN students, and the 32 participants were interviewed several months after the intervention. Interviews also took place with teachers, social workers and students to evaluate the perceived effects of the intervention. Findings indicated significant interactions between Time 1 and Time 2, and between groups (control vs. treatment) in personal goal-setting, career goal-setting, and the presence of meaning in life. Additionally, several themes were identified from the interviews suggesting that the intervention did have positive effects on SEN students’ career, personal and social development self-efficacy, and acquisition of meaning in life.
This study examined the role of congruity in couples' social support behaviors on relational outcomes. Participants (N = 123 couples, Mage = 26.91, SD = 8.46) completed surveys on relationship satisfaction and discord. Positive and negative behaviors were then observed during supportive interactions. Results revealed that the detrimental effect of negative behaviors on satisfaction was buffered by a partner's engagement in fewer negative behaviors or intensified by more negative behaviors. Further, the beneficial effect of positive behaviors on reducing discord was amplified by a partner's engagement in more positive behaviors or offset by fewer positive behaviors. Last, the detrimental effect of negative behaviors on discord was buffered by a partner's engagement in more positive behaviors. These findings highlight the complex nature of dyadic relationships and provide insights for developing interventions focused on improving romantic relationship quality. 相似文献
This paper aims to examine the notion of uniqueness as one aspect of the self that is taken for granted in psychotherapy. This paper attempts to address the question 'how do we know that we are unique individuals?' and in so doing, points out some difficulties. One plausible, but not problem-free answer is the notion of privileged access. Some of the problems will be briefly outlined. 相似文献
Research in cross‐cultural psychology suggests that East Asians hold holistic thinking styles whereas North Americans hold analytic thinking styles. The present study examines the influence of cultural thinking styles on the online decision‐making processes for Hong Kong Chinese and European Canadians, with and without time constraints. We investigated the online decision‐making processes in terms of (1) information search speed, (2) quantity of information used, and (3) type of information used. Results show that, without time constraints, Hong Kong Chinese, compared to European Canadians, spent less time on decisions and parsed through information more efficiently, and Hong Kong Chinese attended to both important and less important information, whereas European Canadians selectively focused on important information. No cultural differences were found in the quantity of information used. When under time constraints, all cultural variations disappeared. The dynamics of cultural differences and similarities in decision‐making are discussed. 相似文献
Verb-doubling, where a copy of the main verb occurs both before and after the direct object, is a structure commonly used
in Chinese in sentences containing a frequency or duration phrase. In Cantonese, verb-doubling is highly optional and therefore
problematic for existing syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic accounts of its distribution in Mandarin. The current study investigates
the role of grammatical weight and syntactic priming in the choice of verb-doubling in Cantonese. Following (Hawkins in Efficiency
and complexity in grammars, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004) theory of efficiency and complexity in grammars, we hypothesized
that speakers would choose verb-doubling over the canonical structure more often when the object NP was heavy, in order to
minimize processing domains. In addition, we expected an effect of syntactic priming whereby the choice of structure is influenced
by a previously encountered structure. The results of two elicited production experiments revealed no weight-based preference
for verb-doubling, and only minor effects of grammatical weight, but clear effects of syntactic priming: (1) for both canonical
primes and verb-doubling primes, speakers tended to repeat previously heard structures; (2) the priming effect was just as
strong in the heavy NP condition, where speakers made more errors recalling the semantic content of the sentence, suggesting
that semantic information is represented separately from syntactic information; (3) the priming effect was stronger for informationally
accurate responses, suggesting that recently activated structures are easier to produce than other structures under conditions
of increased cognitive load. We conclude that the choice between verb-doubling and canonical structure in Cantonese is easily
influenced by the structure of recently encountered sentences, with weight effects, if any, being more difficult to detect. 相似文献