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161.
Previous findings suggest that cultural factors influence ideal affect (i.e., the affective states that people ideally want to feel). Three studies tested the hypothesis that cultural differences in ideal affect emerge early in life and are acquired through exposure to storybooks. In Study 1, the authors established that consistent with previous findings, European American preschoolers preferred excited (vs. calm) states more (indexed by activity and smile preferences) and perceived excited (vs. calm) states as happier than Taiwanese Chinese preschoolers. In Study 2, it was observed that similar differences were reflected in the pictures (activities, expressions, and smiles) of best-selling storybooks in the United States and Taiwan. Study 3 found that across cultures, exposure to exciting (vs. calm) storybooks altered children's preferences for excited (vs. calm) activities and their perceptions of happiness. These findings suggest that cultural differences in ideal affect may be due partly to differential exposure to calm and exciting storybooks. 相似文献
162.
Rachel A. Haine Lauren Brookman-Frazee Katherine H. Tsai Scott C. Roesch Ann F. Garland 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(5):712-728
We investigated the extent to which clinician-assigned diagnoses of emotional and behavioral disorders and clinicians’ perceptions
of client change are consistent with structured measures of youth clinical functioning and parent/family characteristics within
the context of usual care or “real world” psychotherapy. A total of 54 therapists from two publicly-funded youth outpatient
mental health clinics and 128 youths and parents from the therapists’ combined caseloads were included in the study. Clinician-assigned
diagnosis and youth and family demographics were collected at the initial visit, clinician-reported perceived client change
was collected at 6-month follow-up, and structured measures of youth clinical functioning and parent/family characteristics
were collected at both time points. Results indicate some overlap between clinician-assigned diagnosis, clinician-reported
perceived client change, and structured measures of youth clinical functioning and parent/family characteristics after controlling
for demographic factors. Results are discussed in terms of implications for the implementation of evidence-based practices
in real world community settings. 相似文献
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165.
The present study examined the effects of gender on the emotional responses (physiology, self-reports of emotion, and emotional facial behaviour) of European Americans (EA) and Hmong Americans (HA) while they relived past emotional events. Women were more emotionally reactive than men: They demonstrated greater changes in electrodermal reactivity overall, reported experiencing more intense emotion while reliving anger and love, and smiled more while reliving happiness and love. The pattern and magnitude of these differences were similar for EA and HA, suggesting that to some degree, the effects of gender on emotional response may hold across ethnic groups. 相似文献
166.
The current research explored the effect of anger on hypothesis confirmation—the propensity to seek information that confirms rather than disconfirms one's opinion. We argued that the moving against action tendency associated with anger leads angry individuals to seek out more disconfirming information than sad individuals, attenuating the confirmation bias. We tested this hypothesis in two studies of experimentally primed anger and sadness on the selective exposure to hypothesis confirming and disconfirming information. In Study 1, participants in the angry condition were more likely to choose disconfirming information than those in the sad or neutral condition when given the opportunity to read more about a social debate, and reading the disconfirming information affected their subsequent attitude. Study 2 measured participants' opinions and information selection about the 2008 US Presidential Election and their desire to “move against” a person or object. Participants in the angry condition reported a greater tendency to oppose a person or object, which resulted in the attenuation of the confirmation bias. 相似文献
167.
The structure of a Cd68Mg12Dy20 crystalline phase denoted as the φ-phase, which has a composition close to that of the Cd66Mg21Dy13 icosahedral quasicrystalline phase, has been investigated by electron diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The φ phase has a fcc lattice with a = 21.6Å. High-angle annular dark-field STEM with Z contrast confirms that the phase has the Cd45Sm11-type structure. The atomic cluster in the structure is shown to be characterized by a Friauf polyhedron with tetrahedral symmetry. 相似文献
168.
Alok Singh A. P. Tsai M. Nakamura M. Watanabe A. Kato 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(9):543-551
Extensive microstructural studies have been performed with respect to the formation of the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase and its relationship to other phases in Mg 95 Zn 4.2 Y 0.8 alloy. The icosahedral phase forms as an intergranular eutectic phase as well as precipitates in the matrix. The precipitates are nanosized (typically 50 nm) with a definite orientation relationship with the matrix, sharply faceted on twofold planes which are on the basal and prismatic planes of the matrix. The detailed crystallographic relationship with the matrix is described. The icosahedral phase is occasionally found to coexist with the cubic W-Zn 3 Mg 2 Y 3 phase with a definite crystallographic relationship. 相似文献
169.
ABSTRACTThe uses and functions of music within the museum environment are of both practical and theoretical interest. This article investigates the impact of background music on the museum visitor experience using information collected from 20 in-depth interviews with visitors to the Laiho Memorial Museum in Taiwan. Each participant heard either a piece of light music or a historical recording of a 1930s song while visiting Laiho's personal study exhibited in the museum. These two types of background music have comparable information loads, although they fit the exhibit to different degrees. Qualitative analysis of interview data indicates that background music played in museums has both emotional and cognitive influences on the visitor experience. This study showed that light music evoked warm and relaxed feelings in participants, whereas a 1930s song evoked feelings of nostalgia and curiosity to learn more about the song. The results are discussed in terms of the diverse needs, behaviors, and attitudes of museum visitors. 相似文献
170.
Tsung-Min Hung Chia-Liang Tsai Feng-Tzu Chen Chun-Chih Wang Yu-Kai Chang 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2013,14(5):728-736
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to clarify the immediate and sustained effects of an acute bout of exercise on the planning aspects of executive function.DesignThis study used a 2 × 4 true experimental design.MethodForty participants were randomly assigned to either the exercise or control groups and completed the Tower of London task prior to, immediately following, 30 min after, and 60 min after cessation of a 30 min, moderate intensity cycling exercise.ResultsAcute exercise positively impacted the total move score, which reflects planning efficiency, immediately after the cessation of exercise. Acute exercise also led to longer total initiation times, which were linked to better response inhibition of planning at 30 and 60 min after the cessation of exercise.ConclusionAcute exercise benefits planning, and the types of planning and the time points at which they were assessed modulate the relationship between acute exercise and executive function. Exercise-induced physiological and biological fluctuations have been proposed to explain the effects present immediately after exercise, and the mechanisms of such effects warrant further exploration. 相似文献