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71.
Stimulus Fading and Response Elaboration in Differential Reinforcement for Alternative Behavior 下载免费PDF全文
Kevin J. Schlichenmeyer William V. Dube Mariela Vargas‐Irwin 《Behavioral Interventions》2015,30(1):51-64
A hallmark of applied behavior analysis is the development of function‐based interventions for problem behavior. A widely recommended function‐based intervention is differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), in which reinforcement is contingent upon socially acceptable alternatives to problem behavior (e.g., teaching communication skills). Typically, DRA is introduced under rich schedules of reinforcement. Although effective for initiating behavior change, rich schedules are often impractical in the natural setting. In this study, we evaluated the extent to which a stimulus fading program could be employed to elaborate alternative behavior (mands) in two individuals diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. For both participants, problem behavior was reduced substantially upon implementation of the DRA procedure. Further, problem behavior rates remained low and mand rates decreased to more practical levels as the DRA behavioral requirements increased during the fading program. The fading approach demonstrated in this paper may be a useful component of intervention packages for clinicians. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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José María Ruiz Vargas 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(2):45-55
ResumenEsta investigación ha tenido como objetivo comparar la amplitud de aprehensión de dos grupos de pacientes esquizofrénicos (paranoide y no-paranoide) y la de un grupo de sujetos normales. Las variables independientes han sido la duración de la exposición y el número de items. Los resultados sugieren que los esquizofrénicos procesan la información visual menos eficientemente que los normales. 相似文献
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Trujillo Kathleen M. Brougham Ruby R. Walsh David A. 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2004,22(4):348-367
We tested the hypothesis that there are age-related differences in reasons for exercising. Adults (n=461), ranging in age
from 18 to 86, were asked to indicate if they had considered different types of consequences in their exercise decisions,
and how important they thought those consequences were to consider. A three-factor consequence measure examined individuals’
consideration and importance evaluations of various categories of exercise consequences. Results provided mixed support for
the hypotheses that younger individuals exhibit greater concern for interpersonal attraction outcomes, while older individuals
exhibit greater concern for health outcomes. These results have implications for designing educational and motivational training
programs. 相似文献
76.
Vargas JP López JC Salas C Thinus-Blanc C 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2004,118(2):206-216
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were trained in different place-finding tasks as a means of analyzing their ability to encode the geometric and the featural properties of the environment. Results showed that goldfish could encode and use both geometric and featural information to navigate. Goldfish trained in a maplike, or relational, procedure encoded both types of information in a single representation. In contrast, fish trained in a directly cued procedure developed 2 independent and competing strategies. These results suggest that the geometric properties of the spatial arrangement and discrete landmarks are sensitive to encoding in a maplike or relational system, whereas different sources of spatial information are encoded in a single and flexible representation of the environment. 相似文献
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Church AT Ortiz FA Katigbak MS Avdeyeva TV Emerson AM Vargas Flores Jde J Ibáñez Reyes J 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2003,85(2):332-347
A new measure of implicit theories or beliefs regarding the traitedness versus contextuality of behavior was developed and tested across cultures. In Studies 1 (N = 266) and 2 (N = 266), these implicit beliefs dimensions were reliably measured and replicated across U.S. college student samples and validity evidence was provided. In Study 3, their structure replicated well across an individualistic culture (the United States; N = 249) and a collectivistic culture (Mexico; N = 268). Implicit trait and contextual beliefs overlapped only modestly with implicit entity theory beliefs and were predicted by self-construals in ways that generally supported cultural psychology hypotheses. Implicit trait beliefs were fairly strongly endorsed in both cultures, suggesting that such beliefs may be universally held. 相似文献
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