排序方式: 共有50条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
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Robert G. Turnbull 《Synthese》1986,67(1):57-75
Premise: our representational system has had a relatively invariant core throughout human history (cf. Sellars's manifest image). Major theses: (i) When philosophical argument establishes the existence of an entity, that entity is a representing, not a represented. (ii) Most of the documents in the history of philosophy are on a par (as dialogical resources) with current philosophical literature for establishing or controverting such existence claims. (iii) The use of mathematics (initially the mathematized neo-Platonism of classical mechanics) allowed modern physical science to break with the perennial system of representation; in consequence, a portion of the representings of modern physical scientists do not belong to the historically invariant core. This limits the dialogical resources of physical science and the applicability of arguments from perennial philosophy to science. It also explains the relative irrelevance of pre-17th century science to contemporary physical scientists in contrast to the relevance of pre-17th century philosophy to contemporary philosophers. It also supports thesis (iv), that logic (broadly conceived) in central to all serious philosophical enterprises, since logic is the central tool for exhibiting and criticizing the rationale(s) of our representational system(s). Support for these theses will be found in the paper. 相似文献
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Turnbull HR Stowe MJ Agosta J Turnbull AP Schrandt MS Muller JF 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2007,13(2):114-120
The article reviews the federal statutes and relevant decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court that constitute the core concepts of disability policy and their application to persons with disabilities (especially developmental disabilities) and their families. 相似文献
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Popular theory on the tendency to cradle an infant to the left side points to the specialization of the right hemisphere for the perception and expression of emotion. J. S. Sieratzki and B. Woll (1996) recently suggested that more emphasis be placed on the auditory modality, specifically focusing on the role of prosodic information. In this study, the direction of the lateral cradling bias in a group of profoundly deaf children, a group of deaf adults, and a control group of adults with no hearing impairment was investigated. The authors found a strong leftward cradling bias in all groups, a bias that was, if anything, stronger in the deaf participants. Given that people who are profoundly deaf, especially those who have been deaf from birth, have not been exposed to auditory prosody, the data do not support the suggestion that such prosodic information is the basis for the leftward cradling bias. 相似文献
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William W. Turnbull 《Intelligence》1979,3(3):275-282
The future evolution of intelligence is likely to move them in the direction of measuring multiple aspects of ability. Tasks will be less abstract and closer to the life experiences of the individual. Parallel tests will be available in a variety of languages and dialects. The metric will change from the present formula to a separate score for each measured ability, normed in relation to a variety of cultural and lignuistic backgrounds. The dominance of environment will be firmly established and the “constancy” issue will be burried. The scores will be used for short-term predictions and decisions, related especially to schooling, and the idea of making “life” predictions or sorting children according to long-term “tracks” will fade. Will we still call them intelligence tests? 相似文献
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Kapur N Turnbull P Hawton K Simkin S Mackway-Jones K Gunnell D 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2006,36(3):302-312
Suicide by self-poisoning is a prevalent cause of death worldwide. A substantial proportion of individuals who poison themselves come into contact with medical services before they die. Our focus in the current study was the medical management of drug self-poisoning in industrialized countries and its possible contribution to suicide prevention. We reviewed the literature to determine the proportion of self-poisoning suicides who reach hospital alive, the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of in-hospital overdose deaths, the in-hospital management this group of patients receives, and whether there are specific aspects of pre-hospital care and in-hospital management that have the potential to improve survival. Between 11% and 28% of individuals who died following deliberate ingestion of drugs reached hospital alive. The substances which were most frequently implicated in death were paracetamol (acetaminophen) and paracetamol compounds, tricyclic antidepressants, and benzodiazepines. Most patients received fairly intensive treatment, yet death may have been preventable in a small proportion of cases. Only one intervention (the administration of acetylcysteine) was shown to reduce mortality and this was in a highly selected group of patients (those who had ingested paracetamol and developed fulminant hepatic failure). It is possible that other interventions such as better airway management, the prompt administration of activated charcoal, and improved pre-hospital care may improve outcomes but their potential contribution to suicide prevention needs to be investigated in future studies. 相似文献
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The role of emotion in complex decision-making can be assessed on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a widely used neuropsychological measure that may tap a different aspect of executive function than that assessed by conventional measures. Most notably, the 'feeling' about which decks are good or bad, often described in relation to IGT performance, seems reminiscent of decision-making based on intuition-linked to a long history of research in decision-making contrasting the 'intuition' versus 'reasoning' styles of problem solving. To test the claim that the performance on the IGT relies more on emotion-based learning than conventional executive resources for normal performance, a group of participants completed the IGT simultaneously with one of two secondary-tasks, one of which (random number generation) is known to load executive resources. A third group performed the IGT with no secondary-task. If performance on the IGT requires the properties associated with intuitive operations, then participants should either show no disruption when completing a secondary-task, or at least show no selective disruption on a secondary-task that loads for executive function. The rate of learning in the three groups was not significantly different. This suggests that the sorts of cognitive resources loaded by traditional executive tasks such as random number generation do not overlap, in the cognitive architecture, with the emotion-based learning skills that are required for Iowa Gambling Task performance. The findings of the present study are also consistent with a previous claim of the Iowa group that emotion-based learning and working memory resources are doubly dissociable. 相似文献
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Isabelle M Hunt PhD Nicola Swinson MRCPsych Ben Palmer MSC Pauline Turnbull MSC Jayne Cooper PhD David While PhD Kirsten Windfuhr PhD Jenny Shaw FRCPsych Louis Appleby MD MRCPsych Navneet Kapur MD FRCPsych 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(1):22-34
Comparisons of psychiatric patients who die by suicide using different methods are scarce. We aimed to establish the methods of suicide used by those who are currently or have recently been in contact with mental health services in England and Wales (N = 6,203), and describe the social and clinical characteristics of suicides by different methods. We found that hanging, self‐poisoning, and jumping (from a height or in front of a moving vehicle) were the most common methods of suicide, accounting for 79% of all deaths. The implications of these and other findings are discussed. 相似文献
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