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951.
IS SELF-OBJECTIFICATION RELATED TO INTEROCEPTIVE AWARENESS? AN EXAMINATION OF POTENTIAL MEDIATING PATHWAYS TO DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDES 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Although there has been considerable empirical support for Objectification Theory ( Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997 ), findings have been mixed regarding self-objectification's relationship to interoceptive awareness, an awareness of one's internal physical and emotional states. We examined whether interoceptive awareness mediated the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating attitudes, exploring more specifically the relative contributions of difficulties recognizing feelings of hunger and satiety versus emotions. College women ( N = 195) completed measures assessing self-objectification, interoceptive awareness, awareness of emotions, and disordered eating attitudes. Self-objectification correlated significantly more strongly with interoceptive awareness when internal cues about hunger and satiety were assessed. The relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating attitudes was partially mediated by interoceptive awareness. Results revealed that interoceptive awareness may best be captured by a measure that includes lack of awareness of both hunger and satiety and emotional states. Research and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
952.
Johnson SC Schmitz TW Asthana S Gluck MA Myers C 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2008,15(2):129-145
The ability to form associations between choice alternatives and their contingent outcomes is an important aspect of learning that may be sensitive to hippocampal dysfunction in memory disorders of aging such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCIa), or early Alzheimer disease. In this preliminary study we examined brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 12 healthy elderly participants and nine patients with MCIa during an associative learning task. Using a high-field 3.0-Tesla MRI scanner, we examined the dynamic neural response during associative learning over trials. The slope of signal attenuation associated with learning was analyzed for differences between groups within an a priori defined hippocampal region. Results indicated dynamic signal attenuation associated with learning in the healthy elderly sample, but not in MCIa. The absence of an associative learning effect in the MCIa sample reaffirms an important link between the learning difficulties that are commonly encountered in MCIa and the mesial temporal region. 相似文献
953.
In both humans and rodents, males typically excel on a number of tasks requiring spatial ability. However, human females exhibit
advantages in memory for the spatial location of objects. This study investigated whether rats would exhibit similar sex differences
on a task of object location memory (OLM) and on the watermaze (WM). We predicted that females should outperform males on
the OLM task and that males should outperform females on the WM. To control for possible effects of housing environment, rats
were housed in either complex environments or in standard shoebox housing. Eighty Long-Evans rats (40 males and 40 females)
were housed in either complex (Complex rats) or standard shoebox housing (Control rats). Results indicated that males had
superior performance on the WM, whereas females outperformed males on the OLM task, regardless of housing environment. As
these sex differences cannot be easily attributed to differences in cognitive style related to linguistic processing of environmental
features or to selection pressures related to the hunting gathering evolutionary prehistory of humans, these data suggest
that sex differences in spatial ability may be related to traits selected for by polygynous mating strategies. 相似文献
954.
The aim of the present research was to investigate the mediating role of group-level forgiveness and guilt in the relationship between victimhood (the extent to which the conflict affected an individual's life), exposure to violence (the level of violence in their area of residence), and group identity on the one hand, and mild psychiatric morbidity on the other. Specifically the study focused on the psychological impact of the ethnopolitical conflict in Northern Ireland, utilizing people's identification with either the Catholic or Protestant community. Our results revealed that intergroup forgiveness mediated the relationship between both victimhood and group identification, as predictors, and mild psychiatric morbidity. Collective guilt, on the other hand, mediated the relationship between both exposure to violence and group identification, as predictors, and intergroup forgiveness. Overall this study shows that forgiveness and collective guilt can act as mediators in the relationship between impact of ethnopolitical conflict and mental health, at the group level, and thus demonstrates their centrality to the reconciliation process. Implications for intergroup reconciliation initiatives in Northern Ireland are discussed. 相似文献
955.
While literature characterizing individual genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes is sparse, the National Society of Genetic
Counselors takes a clear stance for reproductive autonomy. To determine genetic counselors’ views, this study compared (1)
genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes to those of women from the general population and (2) genetic counselors’ professional
abortion attitudes to their personal abortion attitudes. Genetic counselors were invited to complete an online survey. Response
rate was 44.3% (709/1,601). Compared to women from the general population, female genetic counselors were significantly more
likely to agree abortion should be an option in all cases (p < .001). Controlling for other possible confounders, regression analyses revealed that being a genetic counselor, religious
service attendance and age were significantly predictive of abortion attitudes. Although the vast majority of genetic counselors
agree that abortion should be available, they are significantly less likely to personally consider abortion under all circumstances
presented (p < .001), and the percentage of genetic counselors who would consider terminating in the case of a severe birth defect is
similar to studies of other women. 相似文献
956.
Connie Veazey Karon F. Cook Melinda Stanley Eugene C. Lai Mark E. Kunik 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(3):243-253
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic medical illness with a high incidence of psychiatric comorbidity, specifically depression
and anxiety. Research on treatment of such psychiatric complications is scarce. Non-pharmaceutical treatment options are especially
attractive. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic treatment option that has been successful in other chronically
medically ill populations with comorbid depression and anxiety. The current research had two aims. The first was to pilot
the feasibility of screening and identifying PD patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression in a specialized outpatient
clinic. The second aim was to pilot the feasibility of telephone-administered CBT for the treatment of depression and anxiety
in persons with PD, which was done through a case series comparing telephone-administered CBT to a Support strategy. A fairly
large portion (67.5%) of patients screened in the outpatient clinic were identified as having symptoms of anxiety and/or depression.
Results also indicated that CBT delivered via the telephone is a useful approach for targeting psychiatric symptoms in this
population. A case example is given to illustrate the clinical considerations associated with delivering therapy via telephone
to persons with PD.
This study was conducted at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX. The first author was previously
affiliated with the Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies. 相似文献
957.
958.
Exposure to thin-ideal media has adverse effects on the body satisfaction of women with higher levels of body image disturbance.
In a study involving 109 UCLA female undergraduates, we examined the effectiveness of an intervention that was based on downward
social comparison theory and the selection of alternative comparison dimensions. All participants had higher levels of body
dissatisfaction and viewed pictures of fashion models; the intervention group compared downward with the models on non-appearance
dimensions in writing, whereas the control group described the models in writing. We hypothesized that the intervention group
would experience more positive shifts in body and weight satisfaction, anxiety about appearance, and desire to lose weight
than would the control group. The results supported our hypotheses. 相似文献
959.
This investigation examined gender differences in niche-building preference and activity among 238 8th and 9th grade boys and girls. A questionnaire was developed to measure both the actual and preferred bedroom content, bedroom design activity, and the level of perceived influence by the immediate and extended family, friends, and social institutions. Gender differences were identified for preference, activity, and influence in bedroom design and decoration. Girls and boys differed in the type of items contained in their bedrooms. Girls' rooms contained stuffed animals and pictures of people, including themselves, more frequently than the boys' rooms. In contrast, boys' rooms contained sports-related items, and things for building or that they had built themselves. Although bedroom design activity for both boys and girls was influenced by older teens, friends, media, and popular culture, boys (but not girls) were also influenced by their mothers, fathers, girlfriends, and activities such as sports, Boy or Girl Scouts, and music lessons. 相似文献
960.
Intrusive images and memories in major depression 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Patel T Brewin CR Wheatley J Wells A Fisher P Myers S 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(11):2573-2580
Individuals with current major depression were interviewed to investigate the prevalence of distressing intrusive mental imagery among depressed patients and study the phenomenology of these intrusions. Of the 39 currently depressed patients, 17 experienced some form of repetitive intrusive imagery (i.e., either an intrusive memory or image), with intrusive memories being more common than images. The intrusive imagery was experienced as highly uncontrollable and interfered significantly with patients' everyday lives. The intrusions were experienced with a sense of 'nowness', as well as physical and emotional re-experiencing. Despite high levels of re-experiencing, levels of dissociation were very low. The intrusive imagery was in some patients part of a wider network of key defining autobiographical memories, consistent with the idea that it is likely to play a significant role in maintaining the patient's depressive mood. Interventions targeting these intrusions could potentially result in a positive shift in depressed mood. 相似文献