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131.
Butt Melissa Wagner Allison Rigby Andrea 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2021,28(2):384-393
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - Literature regarding mental health and quality of life (QOL) in bariatric patients has reported high occurrence of psychological disturbance and... 相似文献
132.
Katie E. Ludlam Joanne Butt Mark Bawden Pete Lindsay Ian W. Maynard 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2016,28(2):216-233
There is a lack of literature documenting strengths-based approaches in sport psychology. This study explored how a super-strengths approach has been implemented by sport psychologists (n = 7) and coaches (n = 8), with UK elite athletes. Findings were categorized into 3 general dimensions: defining super-strengths, identification methods, and phases of development. Super-strengths were defined as a strategy for performance, utilizing a potential world's-best resource to gain a competitive edge. Identification methods were subjective (e.g., asking/observing athletes) and objective (e.g., performance analysis). Participants emphasized 3 development phases: preparation, adaptation and monitoring. Findings offer considerations for implementing a strengths-based approach and future research. 相似文献
133.
We measured Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and naming times to picture targets preceded by masked words (stimulus onset asynchrony: 80 ms) that shared one of three different types of relationship with the names of the pictures: (1) Identity related, in which the prime was the name of the picture ("socks" -
134.
A key criticism of the main diagnostic tool in psychiatry, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-IV), is that it lacks a biological footing. In this article, we argue for a biological approach to psychiatry based on 'neurocognitive endophenotypes', whereby changes in behavioural or cognitive processes are associated with discrete deficits in defined neural systems. We focus on the constructs of impulsivity and compulsivity as key examples of the approach and discuss their possible cross-diagnostic significance, applying them to co-morbidities and commonalities across a range of disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance dependence, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders). We argue that this approach has important implications for the future classification of psychiatric disorders, genetics and therapeutics. 相似文献
135.
Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
It is controversial whether different cognitive functions can be mapped to discrete regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The localisationist tradition has associated one cognitive function - inhibition - by turns with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inferior frontal cortex (IFC), or orbital frontal cortex (OFC). Inhibition is postulated to be a mechanism by which PFC exerts its effects on subcortical and posterior-cortical regions to implement executive control. We review evidence concerning inhibition of responses and task-sets. Whereas neuroimaging implicates diverse PFC foci, advances in human lesion-mapping support the functional localization of such inhibition to right IFC alone. Future research should investigate the generality of this proposed inhibitory function to other task domains, and its interaction within a wider network. 相似文献
136.
This experiment tests the hypothesis that the cholinergic nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) is necessary for complex or configural association learning, but not elemental or simple association learning. Male Long-Evans rats with bilateral 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the NBM (n = 12) and sham-operated controls (n = 8) were tested in the transverse patterning problem, which provides a test of both simple and configural association learning. Rats were trained in phases to concurrently solve first one, then two, and finally three different visual discriminations; Problem 1 (A+ vs B- sign) and Problem 2 (B+ vs C-) could be solved using simple associations, whereas solving Problem 3 (C+ vs A-) required the ability to form configural associations. Consistent with our hypothesis, the NBM lesion group solved the simple discriminations in Problems 1 and 2 but showed impaired configural association learning in Problem 3. Additionally, when Problem 2 was introduced, previously high levels of performance on Problem 1 suffered more in the NBM lesion group than in the control group; this finding suggests an impairment in the ability of animals with NBM lesions to divide attention among multiple stimuli or to shift between strategies for solving different problems. Results support our argument that the NBM is critically involved in the acquisition of associative problems requiring a configural solution but not in problems that can be solved using only simple associations. The observed impairments in configural association learning and the apparent loss of cognitive flexibility or capacity are interpreted as reflecting specific attentional impairments resulting from NBM damage. 相似文献
137.
Trevor Butt 《Journal of constructivist psychology》2013,26(3):218-224
In this article I want to expand on the pragmatism that runs through Being Human: Human Being in order to think about what a pragmatic psychology might look like. Baert (2005) argued that a pragmatist science has to begin with an acknowledgment of the different interests that might be behind inquiry. The aims of inquiry are linked to useful and appropriate methods. I argue that in personality and social psychology the focus should primarily be on achieving hermeneutic understanding, rather than on finding causal explanation. 相似文献
138.
Trevor Lubbe 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2013,39(2):195-213
The onset of weaning is often described as an important early milestone, but it creates considerable emotional turbulence in the motherinfant relationship. The interruption of the breast-feeding relationship, whether gradual or sudden, creates a very special kind of agony for both the mother and baby, especially when a good trusting relationship with the breast has been found. This paper explores some of the hurts and sacrifices made on both sides during weaning, and looks at some of the subtle reactions to mutual feelings of rejection at this time. It also describes some of the difficulties that arise when the work of weaning is compromised by certain anxieties in the feeding relationship. Extracts from several psychoanalytical infant observations are used both to illustrate and to discuss these themes. 相似文献
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140.