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241.
Dupéré V Lacourse E Willms JD Vitaro F Tremblay RE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(6):1035-1045
Because youth gangs tend to cluster in disadvantaged neighborhoods, adolescents living in such neighborhoods are more likely
to encounter opportunities to join youth gangs. However, in the face of these opportunities, not all adolescents respond in
the same manner. Those with preexisting psychopathic tendencies might be especially likely to join. In this study, we tested
whether a combination of individual propensity and facilitating neighborhood conditions amplifies the probabilities of youth
gang affiliation. A subset of 3,522 adolescents was selected from a nationally representative, prospective sample of Canadian
youth. Psychopathic tendencies (i.e., a combination of high hyperactivity, low anxiety, and low prosociality as compared to
national norms) were assessed through parent reports, while neighborhood characteristics (i.e., concentrated economic disadvantage
and residential instability) were derived from the 2001 Census of Canada. Our results indicated that neighborhood residential
instability, but not neighborhood concentrated economic disadvantage, interacted with individual propensity to predict youth
gang membership. Adolescents with preexisting psychopathic tendencies appeared especially vulnerable mainly if they were raised
in residentially unstable neighborhoods. 相似文献
242.
Vachon F Tremblay S Jones DM 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2007,33(2):330-347
When two visual targets, Target 1 (T1) and Target 2 (T2), are presented among a rapid sequence of distractors, processing of T1 produces an attentional blink. Typically, processing of T2 is markedly impaired, except when T1 and T2 are adjacent (Lag 1 sparing). However, if a shift of task set--a change in task requirements from T1 to T2--occurs, this sparing is reduced substantially. With a semantic priming technique, in which T1 could be either related or unrelated to T2, the priming of T2 by T1 diminished markedly at Lag 1, when the transition between T1 and T2 involved a switch in either location (Experiments 1 and 2) or task (Experiment 3), but remained unaffected at other lags. These results suggest that perceptual processing of T2 cannot be carried out in parallel with task-set reconfiguration. 相似文献
243.
Richard E. Tremblay Marc LeBlanc Alex E. Schwartzman 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1988,16(5):571-583
Peer and teacher assessments of aggression, social withdrawal, and likability using the Pupil Evaluation Inventory were recorded for 104 French Canadian girls and boys in grade 1. Self-reported delinquency and personality measures were administered to these children when they were in junior high school 7 years later. Linear regression analyses revealed significant predictive differences between the grade 1 assessment of girls and boys: For antisocial behavior, teacher and peer assessments of boys were equally good predictors, and the combination of the two assessments did not improve prediction; for girls, peer and teacher assessments taken separately were weak predictors, but, taken together, they were better predictors for girls than for boys; for personality, peers were better predictors than teachers both for girls and for boys. When categorical analyses were used to predict extreme antisocial behavior, peer and teacher assessments were equally good predictors for girls and boys. The use of peer and teacher ratings together, however, decreased the number of false positives. The implications of these findings for research and clinical work are discussed. 相似文献
244.
David B. Balkin Michel Tremblay James Westerman 《Journal of business and psychology》2001,15(3):439-448
The study reports workplace innovations in 112 large, unionized Canadian organizations from data collected in 1994 by the Bureau of Labour Information. The frequency of specific workplace innovations and the relationship to organization and bargaining unit characteristics are reported. 相似文献
245.
Can we Build on Social Movement Theories to Develop and Improve Community‐Based Participatory Research? A Framework Synthesis Review 下载免费PDF全文
Marie‐Claude Tremblay Debbie H. Martin Ann C. Macaulay Pierre Pluye 《American journal of community psychology》2017,59(3-4):333-362
A long‐standing challenge in community‐based participatory research (CBPR) has been to anchor practice and evaluation in a relevant and comprehensive theoretical framework of community change. This study describes the development of a multidimensional conceptual framework that builds on social movement theories to identify key components of CBPR processes. Framework synthesis was used as a general literature search and analysis strategy. An initial conceptual framework was developed from the theoretical literature on social movement. A literature search performed to identify illustrative CBPR projects yielded 635 potentially relevant documents, from which eight projects (corresponding to 58 publications) were retained after record and full‐text screening. Framework synthesis was used to code and organize data from these projects, ultimately providing a refined framework. The final conceptual framework maps key concepts of CBPR mobilization processes, such as the pivotal role of the partnership; resources and opportunities as necessary components feeding the partnership's development; the importance of framing processes; and a tight alignment between the cause (partnership's goal), the collective action strategy, and the system changes targeted. The revised framework provides a context‐specific model to generate a new, innovative understanding of CBPR mobilization processes, drawing on existing theoretical foundations. 相似文献
246.
Maxime A. Tremblay Cline M. Blanchard Luc G. Pelletier Robert J. Vallerand 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(6):1502-1522
Human beings seem to be resilient and have a great capacity to overcome adverse circumstances. One apparent variable that may predict people's emotional and physical health after a trauma is their general level of psychological well‐being ( McMillen, Smith, & Fisher, 1997 ). The current study explores the role of subjective vitality and the perception of stress as mediators between general life satisfaction and post‐trauma physiological and psychological health related to the Canadian 1998 Ice Storm. Results of this dual route indicate that satisfaction with life positively predicted subjective vitality and negatively predicted perceived stress. In turn, subjective vitality lead to lower levels of ill‐health, whereas perception of stress lead to higher levels of physical symptoms and depression. 相似文献
247.
Mona AlSheddi Pascale Sophie Russell Peter Hegarty 《Journal of applied social psychology》2021,51(4):384-398
Cultural conceptions of morality are grounded in diverse moral foundations, but moral identity research often assumes that individualizing concerns are the universal basis for morality. Moral identity scales grounded only in individualizing foundations risk liberal ethnocentrism, to the extent that binding foundations emphasized in collectivist cultures are overlooked. Three hundred and ninety-five Saudi Arabian and UK participants completed prejudice and moral identity measures, which either narrowly measured only individualizing foundations or broadly measured both binding and individualizing foundations. The broader measure had greater power to predict prejudice scores in both countries, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Generally, moral identities grounded in individualizing foundations predicted less prejudice, while moral identities grounded in binding foundations predicted higher prejudice in both countries. Individualizing measures of moral identity may assess ethnocentric concepts, but recognizing morality grounded in binding considerations may taint the category of moral identity with self-concepts that are associated with greater—not less—ethnocentrism. 相似文献
248.
Twenty-two normal right-handed subjects indicated with their index finger the midpoint of a horizontal rod that they could not see. Subjects performed this task while directing their gaze either centrally or toward four different locations (5 degrees or 30 degrees to the left or to the right of the midline). Results showed an overall leftward bias in rod bisection, which increased when subjects used their right hand and fixated a right-sided visual target. Thus, orienting of gaze can affect a nonvisual, tactilo-kinesthetic spatial task. The possible mechanisms of this interaction are discussed with respect to activation-orienting theories egocentric hypotheses and directional trends. 相似文献
249.
The suffix effect—the loss of recency induced by a redundant end-of-list item—was studied in a visuospatial serial recall
task involving the memory for the position of dots on a screen. A visuospatial suffix markedly impaired recall of the last
to-be-remembered dot. The impact on recall was roughly of equal magnitude whether the suffix shared attributes with the to-be-remembered
dots (Experiment 1) or was visually distinct (Experiments 2 and 3). Although the presence of a tone suffix also impaired serial
memory for the last items in the sequence, the impact of a visuospatial suffix was more marked, implying a specific as well
as a possible general effect of suffix in the visuospatial domain (Experiment 4). The suffix effect seems not to be a phenomenon
confined to verbal material but rather a universal phenomenon possibly related to grouping. 相似文献
250.
Bernard?LétéEmail author Liliane?Sprenger-Charolles Pascale?Colé 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(1):156-166
This article presents MANULEX, a Web-accessible database that provides grade-level word frequency lists of nonlemmatized and
lemmatized words (48,886 and 23,812 entries, respectively) computed from the 1.9 million words taken from 54 French elementary
school readers. Word frequencies are provided for four levels: first grade (G1), second grade (G2), third to fifth grades
(G3-5), and all grades (G1-5). The frequencies were computed following the methods describedby Carroll, Davies, and Richman
(1971) and Zeno, Ivenz, Millard, and Duwuri (1995), with four statistics at each level (F, overall word frequency;D, index of dispersion across the selectedreaders;U, estimated frequencyper million words; andSFI, standard frequency index). The database also provides the number of letters in the word and syntactic category information.
MANULEX is intended to be a useful tool for studying language development through the selection of stimuli based on precise
frequency norms. Researchers in artificial intelligence can also use it as a source of information on natural language processing
to simulate written language acquisition in children. Finally, it may serve an educational purpose by providing basic vocabulary
lists. 相似文献