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21.
It is well established that rote rehearsal plays a key role in serial memory for lists of verbal items. Although a great deal
of research has informed us about the nature of verbal rehearsal, much less attention has been devoted to rehearsal in serial
memory for visual-spatial information. By using the dot task—a visual-spatial analogue of the classical verbal serial recall
task—with delayed recall, performance and eyetracking data were recorded in order to establish whether visual-spatial rehearsal
could be evidenced by eye movement. The use of eye movement as a form of rehearsal is detectable (Experiment 1), and it seems
to contribute to serial memory performance over and above rehearsal based on shifts of spatial attention (Experiments 1 and
2). 相似文献
22.
Pascale Piolino Béatrice Desgranges Karim Benali Francis Eustache 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(4):239-257
Many laboratory studies have demonstrated an age effect on episodic memory which is in contrast with the preservation of semantic memory. The aim of this study was the assessment of age effects on autobiographical memory according to the length of the retention interval, taking into account the episodic and semantic components. A total of 52 subjects, aged between 40 and 79, were divided into four age groups. They were tested with a sophisticated autobiographical questionnaire consisting of two tasks, one involving the recall of semantic information and another the recall of episodic events. Results revealed that episodic recall deteriorated more with age and retention interval than semantic recall. These data, gathered using an ecological test, confirm age differences demonstrated by laboratory tests on the episodic-semantic distinction. Furthermore, the profile of results obtained for the recall of specific detailed events, and analysed according to age of encoding, confirms the distribution of episodic memories across the lifespan, as modelled by Rubin, Wetzler, and Nebes (1986) with the cue-word technique. 相似文献
23.
Jamie Coull Patricia L. Weir Luc Tremblay Daniel J. Weeks Digby Elliott 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(4):347-360
In the present research the authors examined the time course of binocular integration in goal-directed aiming and grasping. With liquid-crystal goggles, the authors manipulated vision independently to the right and left eyes of 10 students during movement preparation and movement execution. Contrary to earlier findings reported in catching experiments (I. Olivier, D. J. Weeks, K. L. Ricker, J. Lyons, & D. Elliott, 1998), neither a temporal nor a spatial binocular advantage was obtained in 1 grasping and 2 aiming studies. That result suggests that, at least in some circumstances, monocular vision is sufficient for the precise control of limb movements. In a final aiming experiment involving 3-dimen- sional spatial variability and no trial-to-trial visual feedback about performance, binocular vision was associated with greater spatial accuracy. Binocular superiority appeared to be most pronounced when participants were unable to adjust their limb control strategy or procedure on the basis of terminal feedback about performance. 相似文献
24.
The authors examined whether movement times (MT) for discrete saccades are constant given equivalent index of difficulty (ID) values (i.e., unitary nature of Fitts’ theorem). To that end, we contrasted ID/MT relations for saccades equated for ID but differing with respect to their target amplitudes and widths. Results showed that MT increased with increasing ID within amplitude and width conditions; however, the ID/MT slope was markedly steeper in the former condition. Thus, the amplitude condition imposed greater information processing demands than the width condition—a result indicating that the constituent elements of Fitts’ theorem are dissociable (i.e., nonunitary). Further, examination of saccade kinematics demonstrated that the optimal MT for a given target amplitude was largely independent of target width. 相似文献
25.
Jessica A. Sims Katherine M. Thomas Christopher J. Hopwood Serena H. Chen Claudia Pascale 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(5):495-499
Although psychological evaluations are an integral element of screening for third-party reproduction and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is commonly used for these evaluations, little is known about the psychometric properties or normative scores on the PAI among egg donors and carriers. We evaluated the PAI among 1,044 egg donors and gestational carriers from various fertility clinics across the United States. PAI scales were generally internally consistent in this population, although range restriction appeared to attenuate reliability on several scales. The PAI profiles of egg donors and carriers had elevated positive impression management and suppressed clinical scale scores relative to the community standardization sample, as would be expected given the contingencies of this assessment context. Scores were similar across egg donors and carriers and were similar whether the carrier or donor was known or not known to the prospective parents. Sample-specific norms are provided for the use of the PAI in this setting. 相似文献
26.
Michel Tremblay Christian Vandenberghe Olivier Doucet 《Journal of business and psychology》2013,28(2):233-249
Purpose
This research evaluates how reward and punishment behaviors are related to employee satisfaction, and how perceptions of justice mediate the effects of these behaviors. This study also seeks to examine the connection between some boundary conditions and the efficacy of reward and punishment behaviors.Design/Methodology/Approach
Data were collected using questionnaires, and hypotheses were tested using a sample of 3,065 managers from 41 business units.Findings
We found that contingent financial and social rewards were positively related to fairness and satisfaction, whereas punishment behaviors exert a negative influence. Findings reveal that high-trust propensity and low-pay level strengthen the positive influence of rewards on distributive justice, whereas high role ambiguity increases the positive effect of reward behaviors and the negative influence of non-contingent punishment (NCP) on superior satisfaction.Implications
This study provided evidence that using contingent rewards is more effective in promoting positive attitudes at work than using contingent punishments. Our findings add to the evidence that organizations would benefit from encouraging their managers to use financial and social rewards and reducing the administration of NCP among performing employees.Originality/Value
This study represents a first attempt to examine an integrated model of the effects of reward and punishment behaviors. It also contributes to this field by empirically evaluating the impact of individual and situational boundary conditions in the efficacy of these leader behaviors. 相似文献27.
Bronna D. Romanoff Allen G. Israel George C. Tremblay Michael R. O'neill Helena A. Roderick 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2013,18(4):293-308
Abstract Losses are often equated for conceptual purposes, and it is often assumed that different types of losses result in similar grief reactions and exert similar effects on cognitive structures and coping patterns. This article examines the expectancies, beliefs, coping patterns, and psychological adjustment associated with loss due to death, parental. divorce, or illness and disability in a college student population. Loss groups did not differ from each other or from a no-loss group on cognitive variables, coping, or psychological adjustment. In instances in which associations between the cognitive measures and either coping or adjustment were indicated, the typical pattern was for loss groups to differ from the no-loss condition but not from each other. 相似文献
28.
Nadine Hauthal Pascale Sandmann Stefan Debener Jeremy D. Thorne 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2013,9(2):53-61
A number of studies have investigated changes in the perception of visual motion
as a result of altered sensory experiences. An animal study has shown that
auditory-deprived cats exhibit enhanced performance in a visual movement
detection task compared to hearing cats (Lomber,
Meredith, & Kral, 2010). In humans, the behavioural evidence
regarding the perception of motion is less clear. The present study investigated
deaf and hearing adult participants using a movement localization task and a
direction of motion task employing coherently-moving and static visual dot
patterns. Overall, deaf and hearing participants did not differ in their
movement localization performance, although within the deaf group, a left visual
field advantage was found. When discriminating the direction of motion, however,
deaf participants responded faster and tended to be more accurate when detecting
small differences in direction compared with the hearing controls. These results
conform to the view that visual abilities are enhanced after auditory
deprivation and extend previous findings regarding visual motion processing in
deaf individuals. 相似文献
29.
Jacques Perron Fred W. Vondracek Vladimir B. Skorikov Chantal Tremblay Marc Corbière 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1998,52(3):409-424
This study examines longitudinally the development of vocational maturity and ethnic identity in a majority and a minority group of 641 students in the Province of Québec, Canada. Ethnic identity and four components of vocational maturity were assessed in four cohorts at three times of measurement. Results show clearly different developmental trends in both ethnic identity and in vocational maturity for majority and minority groups: The minority group showed a linear increase in ethnic identity over time, while the majority group showed a decrease starting with the second time of measurement; vocational maturity components showed a more complex pattern of changes but demonstrated that minority participants matured significantly earlier than those from the majority group. There was a positive relationship between ethnic identity and vocational maturity for both groups. 相似文献
30.
Based on organizational socialization literature (e.g., Bauer, Bodner, Erdogan, Truxillo, & Tucker, 2007; Kammeyer-Mueller & Wanberg, 2003; Saks, Uggerslev, & Fassina, 2007) and Conservation of Resources theory (COR theory; Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), this article aims to develop a conceptualization and a measurement of cognitive adjustment at work (CAW), as an indicator of psychological health in the workplace. Two studies, including three independent samples (NA = 296, NB = 350, NC = 139), were conducted to test an operational proposal of CAW. In Study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as reliability and temporal invariance analyses, were performed to test the structure of both the construct and the instrument. In Study 2, nomological network analysis was conducted. Results suggest strong empirical support for the structure and validity of CAW, defined as a second-order factor, which includes task adjustment, work group adjustment and organizational adjustment. 相似文献