Innovating With the Model of Human Occupation in Mental Health

This article describes a new approach in a group of National Health Service trusts in the United Kingdom. The assessment and intervention were focused on using the Model of Human Occupation in Mental Health services. An occupation focused assessment and intervention protocol were developed based on the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool Single-Observation Form (MOHOST-SOF). The aim was to develop a guide to treatment and monitoring to support efficient practice while maintaining an occupation and client-centered focus. Implementation has been successful to date.     

Applying test operating characteristics to measures of exercise motivation: A primer

Physical activity programmes that include a motivational counselling component can be effective at increasing exercise participation. Reliable screening procedures could provide a cost effective method of identifying and channelling those ‘at risk’ for non‐participation into a motivational counselling intervention and increase participation and long‐term adherence. Traditional statistical methods have played an important step in developing measures that are good predictors of future exercise behaviour. Test operating characteristics (TOCs), a set of clinical outcome statistics, could be used to evaluate the accuracy of these measures as screening tools in identifying those ‘at risk’ for non‐participation and those ‘not at risk’ for use in applied settings, such as physical activity programmes. This paper will provide a primer on the use of TOCs, particularly as they apply to the evaluation of measures of exercise motivation. Also provided is an example application using eight measures of exercise motivation previously used in research.     

Generalizability of interest structure to China: Application of the Personal Globe Inventory

Two Chinese samples of the high school students (N=721) and the college students (N=943) were administered a translated version of the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI, Tracey, 2002), and the responses were examined with respect to their structure. Results of separate factor analyses demonstrated that there were three substantive factors: People/Things, Data/Ideas, and Prestige, similar to the structure of the PGI. The fit of the data to the PGI spherical model and the circular model of eight and six (i.e., RIASEC) types were examined using the randomized test of hypothesized order relations. The results demonstrated that the spherical model and the eight-type model fit the Chinese data equally well as data from the United States. However, unlike the Japanese results, Holland's six-type model fit the data as well as the eight-type model in the present study. No structure differences were found in the high school and the college samples or across gender within the high school and the college samples. The results support the structural validity of the PGI in Chinese applications.     

Inclusion of Religious Behaviors and Attitudes in Counseling: Expectations of Conservative Christians

In this study of 118 religiously conservative Christians' expectations of counseling, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment conditions: a Christian counselor or a counselor whose religious beliefs were unknown. Participants rated their expectations for the counselor's attitude toward their religious beliefs and use of religious behaviors in counseling using the Behavior and Attitude Expectancies scale (C. Belaire & J. S. Young, 2002). Participants also rated their general expectations for counseling using the Expectations About Counseling: Brief Form (H. E. A. Tinsley, 1985). Results showed that participants expected both a Christian counselor and a counselor whose religious beliefs were unknown to be respectful and accepting of conservative Christian religious beliefs and values and to include multiple religious behaviors in counseling sessions. Participants had overall positive expectations of the counseling process.     

Interpersonal rigidity and complementarity

The relations among behavioral complementarity, interpersonal rigidity, as indicated by the Interpersonal Adjective Checklist (IAS, Wiggins, 1995) vector score, and interpersonal distress, as indicated by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP, Horowitz, Rosenberg, Baer, Ureno, & Villasenor, 1988), were examined in two studies. In Study 1, 214 undergraduates viewed videotapes depicting different interactions and then provided their responses. In Study 2, 122 undergraduates interacted in randomly paired dyads on a mutual task. These interactions were videotaped and the interchanges were rated using the Interpersonal Communication Ratings Scale (ICRS, Strong, Hills, & Nelson, 1988). The extent to which each participant demonstrated complementary behavior was determined. Results of the studies demonstrated support for interpersonal rigidity as related to complementarity and as a moderator of the adaptability of behavior. Further complementarity was a mediator in the behavioral rigidity–interpersonal distress relation.     

Incorporating Idiographic Approaches Into Multicultural Counseling Research and Practice

Much of multicultural research has been based on normative methodological approaches. In this article, the authors discuss how idiographic approaches can be used to further explore issues that are relevant to multicultural counseling. Case examples are presented to illustrate how this approach can be used to improve understanding regarding the development of racial identity. Muchas de las investigaciónes multiculturales se ha basado en enfoques metodológicos normativos. En este artículo, los autores discuten cómo enfoques de ideograma pueden ser utilizados a explorar aún más los asuntos que son aconsejar multicultural pertinente. Los ejemplos del caso se presentan para ilustrar cómo este enfoque se puede utilizar para entender mejor la identidad racial.     

The unmaking of citizenship education for adult immigrants in Canada

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in citizenship education, particularly in the schools. One area, however, that has remained conspicuously absent from the discussion is citizenship education for adult immigrants. This paper reports on the results of studies examining citizenship education for adult immigrants in Canada from 1947 to the present. We conducted interviews with policy-markers and citizenship applicants, reviewed relevant documents, and surveyed program providers across Canada. We conclude that current trends in Canadian citizenship policy are in keeping with larger trends in globalization and consumerism and propose that the Canadian government increase its civil investment in immigrants if the country is to develop an informed and active citizenry.