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81.
82.
Tina R. Norton Anita Gupta Mary Ann Parris Stephens Lynn M. Martire Aloen L. Townsend 《Sex roles》2005,52(5-6):325-335
Although research suggests that stress and rewards experienced in a social role are associated with changes in the centrality (or personal importance) of that role over time, little attention has been given to the mechanisms that account for this relationship. This study was conducted to examine change in role mastery as a mediator in the relationship between changes in role experiences (stress and rewards) and changes in centrality among 195 women who simultaneously occupied the roles of parent care provider, mother, wife, and employee. Regression analyses indicated that increases in parent care, mother, and employee stress eroded mastery in those roles. In addition, increases in rewards were associated with a bolstered sense of mastery in each of the four roles. Mastery was found to be a mediating mechanism in the relationship between stress/rewards and centrality in one of the four roles examined, the employee role. However, changes in womens perceptions of mastery were unrelated to the extent to which women changed the importance of their three family roles. These findings extend prior research by demonstrating that mastery is a mechanism through which stress and rewards are associated with centrality in the employee role. 相似文献
83.
Kolata S Light K Townsend DA Hale G Grossman HC Matzel LD 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2005,84(3):297-246
Up to 50% of an individuals' performance across a wide variety of distinct cognitive tests can be accounted for by a single factor (i.e., "general intelligence"). Despite its ubiquity, the processes or mechanisms regulating this factor are a matter of considerable debate. Although it has been hypothesized that working memory may impact cognitive performance across various domains, tests have been inconclusive due to the difficulty in isolating working memory from its overlapping operations, such as verbal ability. We address this problem using genetically diverse mice, which exhibit a trait analogous to general intelligence. The general cognitive abilities of CD-1 mice were found to covary with individuals' working memory capacity, but not with variations in long-term retention. These results provide evidence that independent of verbal abilities, variations in working memory are associated with general cognitive abilities, and further, suggest a conservation across species of mechanisms and/or processes that regulate cognitive abilities. 相似文献
84.
85.
Thomas G. Bever Montserrat Sanz David J. Townsend 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1998,27(2):261-284
We discuss and debunk five common assumptions about the interrelation of semantics, syntax, and frequency during sentence processing. In the course of this, we explore the implications of the view that syntax is assigned as the last stage of comprehension rather than the first: Statistically based perceptual strategies propose an initial semantic representation, which then constrains the assignment of syntactic representations. This view accounts for a variety of facts, as well as suggesting some surprising new ones. 相似文献
86.
Two extensions of the structurally free logic LC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
87.
G. C. Grindley Valerie Townsend 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1970,22(1):62-67
Two experiments have been made on the problem of visual search using six patterns which were geometrically simple, and familiar to the subject.
In each case the subject's task was to say where, among the complex of patterns, a particular pattern (the “test object”) appeared when the exposure of the whole display was so brief as to prevent scanning by the eyes. He could be informed visually (in Experiment I) or verbally (in Experiment II) which pattern was to be regarded as the “test object.”
In both experiments it was found that foreknowledge of what was to be the test object gave a significantly higher standard of accuracy than knowledge given later. This suggests that something analogous to visual search can occur without eye movements. 相似文献
In each case the subject's task was to say where, among the complex of patterns, a particular pattern (the “test object”) appeared when the exposure of the whole display was so brief as to prevent scanning by the eyes. He could be informed visually (in Experiment I) or verbally (in Experiment II) which pattern was to be regarded as the “test object.”
In both experiments it was found that foreknowledge of what was to be the test object gave a significantly higher standard of accuracy than knowledge given later. This suggests that something analogous to visual search can occur without eye movements. 相似文献
88.
G. C. Grindley Valerie Townsend 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1965,17(2):97-109
Movement in a part of either of two binocular fields can, under some conditions, produce temporary obliteration of the corresponding part of the other field. This paper is a mainly qualitative study of this rather surprising phenomenon. The effect is found to increase from the fovea to the periphery, to be greatest at a velocity of about 20° visual angle per sec. and to vary with the orientation of the fixation point in the visual field. Some further lines of research designed to elucidate the relation of the effect described here to certain other visual phenomena are suggested. 相似文献
89.
90.
Joel A. Vilensky Penny Wilson Eva Gankiewicz Douglas W. Townsend 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(4):429-456
Limb movements during air-stepping were analyzed in three neonatal vervet monkeys over a three-week period. The movements had similar temporal organization both across animals and across time. For example, the duration of both the hind and the forelimb cycle equaled about 500 ms, with the hind limb return strokes lasting much longer than the hind limb power strokes. Furthermore, there were clear indications of both intra- and interlimb coordination. Specifically, all the joints of a limb tended to flex and extend simultaneously, and contralateral and ipsilateral limb pairs had an average phase relationship of approximately 50% of cycle duration. Despite a qualitative similarity between limb movements during air-stepping in the neonates and overground locomotion in older animals, there were notable differences both in temporal relationships and joint displacement patterns. Finally, there appeared to be important similarities between air-stepping in these monkeys and stepping in newborn humans. Most notably, both tended to disappear after a limited period. The implications of these similarities, as well as the overall results, are discussed in relation to the understanding of the development of locomotor behavior in human and nonhuman primates, using approaches based both upon the hard-wired and dynamic models. 相似文献