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981.
982.
Eve Buzawa Ph.D Gerald Hotaling Ph.D Andrew Klein Ph.D 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1998,16(2):185-206
This study utilized a non-experimental design to obtain information on a full range of domestic violence incidents brought before the Quincy, Massachusetts District Court, a model court. One limitation of previous research on spouse assaults using more sophisticated designs is that the target population has been restricted to specific subgroups of cases thereby limiting subsequent discussions of policy/practice implications of the findings vis-a-vis all spouse assault cases. To address this research “shortfall”, we obtained permission from the Quincy District Court to examine all the spouse assault cases brought before the court during a 7-month period (June, 1995, through February, 1996). The findings show that in a full enforcement environment, victims took out restraining orders only against the most violent, criminally abusive men. Most men who were arrested for domestic violence had prior criminal histories for a variety of offenses. Domestic violence offenders appeared to be of two types: those with extensive and diverse criminal histories and those with little or no such involvement. However, active criminal justice intervention against domestic violence offenders appears to be primarily directed toward offenders already active in the criminal justice system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
983.
In the present study, we examined alcohol consumption and alcohol problems between managerial and nonmanagerial men and women.
We also examined alcohol problems as a function of drinking context (i.e., when they drink and with whom they drink) for each
of these four groups. Survey data and data from company records were collected from a large sample of blue and white collar
employees (n = 2279). Participants completed a detailed questionnaire aimed at assessing many work-related attitudes, general mental and
physical health-related perceptions, motivations for alcohol use, alcohol consumption indices, and alcohol problems. We found
that several of the demographic variables differentially predicted alcohol consumption and problems for the four groups. In
addition, drinking alone and immediately after work were associated with alcohol problems for women managers at a significantly
higher rate than for the other groups of employees. These results support the assertion that more complex models are needed
to understand the linkages between work and alcohol use.
The research reported in this paper was supported by Grant AA 10690-02, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,
National Institutes of Health. 相似文献
984.
Lesions of Periaqueductal Gray Dissociate-Conditioned Freezing From Conditioned Suppression Behavior in Rats 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Prin Amorapanth Karim Nader Joseph E. LeDoux 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》1999,6(5):491-499
It is commonly assumed that suppression of an ongoing behavior is an indirect measure of freezing behavior. We tested whether conditioned suppression and freezing are the same or distinct conditioned responses. Rats were trained to press a bar for food and then given fear-conditioning sessions in which a tone was paired with a foot shock (two pairings a day for 2 days). They then received either sham or electrolytic lesions of the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Post-training PAG lesions blocked freezing to the conditioned stimulus (CS), but had no effect on the suppression of operant behavior to the same CS. Thus, conditioned suppression and freezing, which both cause a cessation in activity, appear to be mediated by separate processes. 相似文献
985.
Schneider D Bayliss AP Becker SI Dux PE 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2012,141(3):433-438
The ability to attribute mental states to others is crucial for social competency. To assess mentalizing abilities, in false-belief tasks participants attempt to identify an actor's belief about an object's location as opposed to the object's actual location. Passing this test on explicit measures is typically achieved by 4 years of age, but recent eye movement studies reveal registration of others' beliefs by 7 to 15 months. Consequently, a 2-path mentalizing system has been proposed, consisting of a late developing, cognitively demanding component and an early developing, implicit/automatic component. To date, investigations on the implicit system have been based on single-trial experiments only or have not examined how it operates across time. In addition, no study has examined the extent to which participants are conscious of the belief states of others during these tasks. Thus, the existence of a distinct implicit mentalizing system is yet to be demonstrated definitively. Here we show that adults engaged in a primary unrelated task display eye movement patterns consistent with mental state attributions across a sustained temporal period. Debriefing supported the hypothesis that this mentalizing was implicit. It appears there indeed exists a distinct implicit mental state attribution system. 相似文献
986.
987.
988.
Andrew Smart 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(6):630-639
This paper reports data from a qualitative study of patient experiences of DNA testing and cascade screening for hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy and long QT syndrome, cardiac conditions that place sufferers at risk of sudden death. The paper particularly
focuses on potential impediments to testing and screening. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample
of 27 people in the UK who had undergone testing. In the context of the uncertainties that can characterize experiences of
these disorders, the majority of participants in this sample embraced testing and screening as a way of providing health information
for themselves or their relatives (particularly children). There was nevertheless evidence of ambivalence about the value
and impact of the DNA test information which could influence participants’ dispositions toward testing, and play into dilemmas
about family communication. Other concerns arose in relation to communicating about these disorders, decisions to involve
elderly relatives and pressures relating to family responsibility. The evidence of ambivalence provides insight into why some
people may be resistant to testing, screening and sharing information. The findings about communication processes indicate
potential areas of concern for the cascading process. 相似文献
989.
Despite growing recognition that systemic family therapists need to be adept at personal reflection and managing the therapeutic
relationship, little research has explored the effects of training beyond the development of skills. This article provides
a report on a qualitative study focussed on the personal effects of family therapy training, with particular reference to
the aspects of training that foster personal reflection and growth. Twenty three trainees from three training institutions
were interviewed, utilizing the practices of grounded theory. Trainees reported a deepening relational awareness, which applied
to both personal and professional domains and included shifts in perspectives on relationships with loved ones. Five aspects
of training were identified as responsible: (1) personally challenging experiences with clients; (2) supervisors who live
the paradigm; (3) the demystification of theory; (4) a safe supervisory space; and (5) the development of trusting peer relationships.
Interns also described, in turn, how their personal development affected their clinical work, particularly in the development
of compassion and empathy. This study serves to highlight training practices that support reflective practice in systemic
family therapy. 相似文献
990.
Marzullo-Kerth D Reeve SA Reeve KF Townsend DB 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(2):279-294
The current study examined the utility of multiple-exemplar training to teach children with autism to share. Stimuli from 3 of 4 categories were trained using a treatment package of video modeling, prompting, and reinforcement. Offers to share increased for all 3 children following the introduction of treatment, with evidence of skill maintenance. In addition, within-stimulus-category generalization of sharing was evident for all participants, although only 1 participant demonstrated across-category generalization of sharing. Offers to share occurred in a novel setting, with familiar and novel stimuli, and in the presence of novel adults and peers for all participants during posttreatment probes. 相似文献