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241.
242.
Tony Watling 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2001,40(4):573-590
This article examines the Dutch Catholic Church. It is based on a qualitative ethnographic analysis of a particular Dutch Catholic community. It seeks to demonstrate that despite a decline in the church since the 1960s many Dutch parishioners are becoming active in redefining the church and attempting to revitalize Catholicism, creating democratically organized local communities where laity and local clergy, women and men, work together as equals in negotiating change, but argues that this may involve "unofficial" practices, possibly at odds with "official" church hierarchy controlled doctrine, which may resist acknowledging them and resist change. By examining these issues, the article aims to understand the dialectic and tension between what could be termed "popular" and "orthodox", "private" and "public", beliefs and to examine the constraints or possibilities this may place on the church. In this sense, the article also aims to explore how religion, thought to be vulnerable to recent change encouraging individual independence from social institutions, may negotiate (or reject) new developments. Although challenged, Catholic identity may still be valued and provide individuals with resources for negotiating new developments. However, the success or failure of this may depend on the nature of the struggle for authority and influence between "official" and "unofficial" versions of Catholicism. 相似文献
243.
Reliability captures the influence of error on a measurement and, in the classical setting, is defined as one minus the ratio
of the error variance to the total variance. Laenen, Alonso, and Molenberghs (Psychometrika 73:443–448, 2007) proposed an axiomatic definition of reliability and introduced the R
T
coefficient, a measure of reliability extending the classical approach to a more general longitudinal scenario. The R
T
coefficient can be interpreted as the average reliability over different time points and can also be calculated for each
time point separately. In this paper, we introduce a new and complementary measure, the so-called R
Λ
, which implies a new way of thinking about reliability. In a longitudinal context, each measurement brings additional knowledge
and leads to more reliable information. The R
Λ
captures this intuitive idea and expresses the reliability of the entire longitudinal sequence, in contrast to an average
or occasion-specific measure. We study the measure’s properties using both theoretical arguments and simulations, establish
its connections with previous proposals, and elucidate its performance in a real case study.
The authors are grateful to J&J PRD for kind permission to use their data. We gratefully acknowledge support from Belgian
IUAP/PAI network “Statistical Techniques and Modeling for Complex Substantive Questions with Complex Data.” 相似文献
244.
Tony Fitzpatrick 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2009,28(4):313-327
This article brings interconnects three debates to show what this might imply for the ‘redemocratisation’ of UK society and
for pedagogical reform. One debate concerns deliberative types of democratic reform, arguing in favour of a ‘creative agnosticism’
towards the two philosophical frameworks which dominate this literature. This leads into a discussion of education and critical
rationality, arguing for an aptitude-based account of moral agency, one which relates to the sociocultural resources we inherit
from the past. The final debate therefore concerns social memory. I do not offer a theory of social memory but critique various
commentators in arguing for what I call a ‘multipolar analysis’. This both describes the analytical method adopted in this
article and the skills and capacities which a system based upon ‘education for discourse’ would need to facilitate. The article
therefore proposes that democracy, education and memory—deliberativeness, critical rationality and social remembering—be brought
closer together for the mutual benefit of each debate.
相似文献
Tony FitzpatrickEmail: |
245.
Trevor Thompson Tony Steffert John Gruzelier 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(7):789-794
It is widely believed that personality has an important role in determining the effectiveness of guided imagery (GI) interventions. The primary aim of the current study was to examine whether the effect of GI on several outcome measures was dependent upon openness to experience, a theoretically relevant variable previously unexplored as a potential moderator. Thirty-five healthy participants were randomised to an animated imagery, verbal imagery or no-intervention control group, with imagery groups receiving 10 × 20 min sessions. Pre/post-assessments of cortisol, sleep, stress and creativity were administered along with the openness to experience scale. Regression analysis indicated a significant increase in cortisol and decrease in tiredness following verbal GI, but only for those high in openness. The efficacy of GI interventions may be dependent upon openness to experience and this variable should be accounted for in future studies. 相似文献
246.
Tony Cassidy 《Social Psychology of Education》2009,12(1):63-76
The relationship between social identity, family and school context, problem-solving style, self-esteem, health behaviour,
psychological distress, and victimisation, was explored in a quasi-experimental survey of 461 children aged between 11 and
15 years old. There was a high prevalence of victimisation (29%) in the group and 44% of those victimised scored above the
clinical cut-off on the GHQ. Victims exhibited higher levels of psychological distress, lower self-esteem, more unhealthy
behaviours, less support from parents and teachers, poorer problem-solving styles, and lower perceived social identity. Girls
had a higher prevalence of victimisation than boys. The best predictors of victimisation were sex, family situation, social
identity and problem-solving style. Some implications for interventions are discussed.
相似文献
Tony CassidyEmail: |
247.
Several studies have demonstrated that faces are processed differently from other types of objects, implicating a special role that faces have within the human visual system. However, other studies have suggested that faces may be special only in that they constitute a highly familiar category of visual objects with which most humans have expertise. In this study, we tested a group of expert musicians with a musical instrument classification task during which irrelevant images of musical instruments were presented as visual distractors under varying conditions of perceptual load. Unlike nonmusicians (who had been tested in Lavie, Ro, & Russell, 2003, using the same paradigm as in the present study), the musicians processed these irrelevant images of musical instruments even under conditions of high perceptual load. These results suggest that musical instruments are processed automatically and without capacity limits in subjects with musical expertise and implicate a specialized processing mechanism for objects of high familiarity. 相似文献
248.
Dejun Tony Kong 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2017,36(3):540-548
The present study examines how sojourners’ paranoia mediates the negative relationship between their distrust toward host nationals and sociocultural adaptation, and how sojourners’ neuroticism moderates this mediated relationship. By conducting a two-part survey study with U.S. undergraduate students who traveled abroad for academic programs, I found that only among neurotic sojourners, distrust toward host nationals was negatively related to sociocultural adaptation, mediated by paranoia. These findings suggest that distrust-related cognition and emotion as well as neuroticism are all important predictors of sociocultural adaptation, and shed light on the inquiry regarding sojourners’ adaptation and distrust/trust. 相似文献
249.
Tony Xing Tan Yan Wang Adryona D. Ruggerio 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(10):2742-2752
Existing research has shown that adverse childhood experiences from family instability and lack of safety increase children’s risk for poor academic functioning. A recent conceptual framework, however, has emphasized the need to investigate how parenting might mediate while community context might moderate the association between childhood adversity and children’s cognitive development. In the current study, we tested the roles of parenting stress and neighborhood support in the association between cumulative childhood adversity and children’s current academic functioning. We conducted a secondary data analysis on the subsample of school-aged children (i.e., 6–17 years old; N?=?65,680) from the 2011–2012 United States National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). The parent provided telephone survey data on six types of adversity (e.g., parent’s divorce) that the target child experienced, parenting stress, neighborhood support, as well as the child’s academic functioning. Controlling for the child’s age, gender, ethnicity, and the parent’s education level, structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed a significant moderated mediating effect: parenting stress partially mediated the association between history of childhood adversity and children’s current academic functioning (β?=??1.760, p?<?0.001), while neighborhood support moderated the association between parenting stress (β?=?0.492, p?<?0.001) and academic functioning. 相似文献
250.
We examined the effect of diabetes knowledge and attitudes on self-management and quality of life (QoL) of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We employed a cross-sectional study design. A total of 137 female and 129 male participants with T2DM completed the diabetes knowledge scale (DKN), Diabetes Integration Scale-19 (ATT19), Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) scale, and Diabetes Quality of Life (DQoL) scale, measuring diabetes knowledge, attitudes, self-management, and QoL respectively. The SDSCA scale measures diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care. The DQoL scale measures satisfaction and impact of QoL. An initial path model that tested the inter-relationships of the study variables was first identified based on previous research. Then, the path model was tested using Mplus 7.3. In the final model, diabetes knowledge was a significant predictor of attitudes and self-management in terms of blood glucose monitoring and foot care. Attitudes was a significant predictor of impact of QoL. Self-management in terms of blood glucose monitoring was a significant predictor of impact of QoL and diet was a significant predictor of satisfaction and impact of QoL. Exercise and foot care aspects of Self-management were significant predictors of satisfaction and impact of QoL respectively. The final model showed a good fit to the data: RMSEA = .045 (90% CI: .009, .071; Clfit = .601), CFI = .950, SRMR = .058. The findings suggest a theoretical basis to direct the development of appropriate health programs and interventions for improving QoL in people with T2DM and warrant replication in diverse samples. 相似文献