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191.
Although dysfunctional beliefs about gambling outcomes among problem gamblers have been well-established, there is less known
about whether specifically treating such beliefs is necessarily more effective than other therapeutic approaches. In the present
study, brief, homogenous treatments for problem gambling (i.e., cognitive, behavioral, motivational, minimal intervention)
were compared to each other. Each intervention was based on approaches empirically demonstrated to be clinically effective.
The treatment sample consisted primarily of middle-aged, non-partnered, underemployed men recruited from the community via
newspaper advertisements. The results showed that a cognitive approach did not yield superior outcomes than did treatments
that did not explicitly address cognitive distortions. It is likely that there are several pathways to therapeutic change
that may not necessarily require the modification of gambling-related psychopathology. 相似文献
192.
Yukari Takarae Linda Schmidt Flora Tassone Tony J. Simon 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(1):83-90
Dopamine plays a critical role in regulating neural activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and modulates cognition via a hypothesized
inverse U function. We investigated PFC function in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) in which
one copy of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is deleted, thereby shifting them toward the lower end of dopamine turnover
on the nonlinear function. A common polymorphism with valine to methionine substitution alters COMT activity that results
in higher enzyme activity in the valine variant. Twenty-seven children with 22q11.2DS between 7 and 14 years old, and 21 age-matched
typically developing children, performed a modified version of the Attention Network Test. Children with a single valine allele
showed a reduction in response times when trials with incongruent flankers were repeated, whereas those who were hemizygous
for the methionine allele did not show the same context-based response facilitation. Our results support that a single gene,
COMT, could modulate PFC-dependent cognition. 相似文献
193.
By Tony Richie 《Dialog》2009,48(3):292-300
Abstract : This review expresses great concern with so-called Christian Zionism. The author explains the confusing push-pull relation of Pentecostalism to Christian Zionism's underlying apocalyptic eschatology, premillennial dispensationalism. He agrees with the thrust of Smith's discussion from a Lutheran perspective of the complex historical, theological, and political dynamics involved in Christian Zionism's formation and development, but accents distinctions between a generally harmless conventional form and a particularly virile fundamentalist form that can be aggressive and possibly even dangerous. Of special concern is articulation of an erudite political ethic informed by the theology of a Christian pneumatic apocalyptic eschatology, faithful to the incoming reign of God taking seriously predictive prophecy. In conversation with Smith, this appreciative response suggests a possible paradigm for positive involvement in political and social aspects of the present world congruent with apocalyptic hope expressed in premillennialist terms. 相似文献
194.
This review focuses on synaptic depression at sensory neuron-to-motor neuron synapses in the defensive withdrawal circuit of Aplysia as a model system for analysis of molecular mechanisms of sensory gating and habituation. We address the following topics:1. Of various possible mechanisms that might underlie depression at these sensory neuron-to-motor neuron synapses in Aplysia, historically the most widely-accepted explanation has been depletion of the readily releasable pool of vesicles. Depletion is also believed to account for synaptic depression at long interstimulus intervals in a variety of other systems.2. Multiple lines of evidence now indicate that vesicle depletion is not an important contributing mechanism to synaptic depression at Aplysia sensory neuron-to-motor neuron synapses. More generally, it appears that vesicle depletion does not contribute substantially to depression that occurs with those stimulus patterns that are typically used in studying behavioral habituation.3. Recent evidence suggests that at these sensory neuron-to-motor neuron synapses in Aplysia, synaptic depression is mediated by an activity-dependent, but release-independent, switching of individual release sites to a silent state. This switching off of release sites is initiated by Ca2+ influx during individual action potentials. We discuss signaling proteins that may be regulated by Ca2+ during the silencing of release sites that underlies synaptic depression.4. Bursts of 2–4 action potentials in presynaptic sensory neurons in Aplysia prevent the switching off of release sites via a mechanism called “burst-dependent protection” from synaptic depression.5. This molecular switch may explain the sensory gating that allows animals to discriminate which stimuli are innocuous and appropriate to ignore and which stimuli are more important and should continue to elicit responses. 相似文献
195.
Our aim in the special issue is to address some of the more abstract and fundamental ethical problems evident in the criminal justice system and to inquire into their significance for those individuals who assess and deliver rehabilitation programs to offenders. In order to provide an appropriate theoretical framework for an investigation of ethical concerns in the forensic and correctional practice domains, we first outline an ethical framework that is intended to help practitioners reflect systematically on their practice [Ward, T., & Syversen, K., (2009). Vulnerable agency and human dignity: An ethical framework for forensic practice. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 94–105]. Second, we explicitly examine the relationship between two normative frameworks evident within the criminal justice system, punishment and rehabilitation, and inquire into their relationship. Finally, we briefly describe each of the papers comprising the special issue. 相似文献
196.
Tony Cassidy 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2001,14(4):303-315
The role of self-categorization as 'unemployed' in coping with unemployment was investigated in a sample of 148 males who had previously had a white collar career. Coping was considered in terms of psychological distress, locus of control, problem-solving style and perceived social support. Individuals who self-categorized as 'unemployed' exhibited greater psychological distress, as did those who had been previously unemployed, and those whose current unemployment extended more than one year. Self-categorization effects on social support, locus of control and problem-solving style were observed as a function of previous experience of unemployment. 相似文献
197.
Verbal and Nonverbal Emotional Memory Following Unilateral Amygdala Damage 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Tony W. Buchanan Natalie L. Denburg Daniel Tranel Ralph Adolphs 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2001,8(6):326-335
The amygdala is involved in the normal facilitation of memory by emotion, but the separate contributions of the left and right amygdala to memory for verbal or nonverbal emotional material have not been investigated. Fourteen patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe including the amygdala (seven left, seven right), 18 brain-damaged, and 36 normal controls were exposed to emotional and neutral pictures accompanied by verbal narratives. Memory for both narratives and pictures was assessed with a free recall test 24 h later. Subjects with left amygdala damage failed to show the normally robust enhancement of memory for verbal and nonverbal emotional stimuli. The group with right amygdala damage showed the normal pattern of facilitation of memory by emotion for both verbal and nonverbal stimuli despite an overall reduction in memory performance. Furthermore, subjects with left amygdala damage were disproportionately impaired on memory for emotional narratives as compared with memory for emotional pictures. The latter finding offers partial support for a lateralized and material-specific pattern of the amygdala's contribution to emotional memory. 相似文献
198.
Tony Wenman 《International Journal of Children's Spirituality》2001,6(3):311-324
This paper is concerned with the Office for Standards in Education's (OFSTED's) reporting of the way in which primary schools promote pupils' spiritual development. A sample of reports on primary schools, written in 1999, was scrutinized for evidence of links between inspectors' judgements on each school's provision for pupils' spiritual development and their judgements on its provision for religious education, collective worship and the subjects of the National Curriculum. The analysis raises serious questions about the adherence of inspection teams to OFSTED's (1995) 'Guidance on the Inspection of Nursery and Primary Schools', the internal consistency of individual reports, and ultimately about the reliability of the evidence-base used by HMCI for his Annual Report. This paper is part of a doctoral study, being developed at King's College, London, into the conflict between the government's aims for primary education, as expressed through the curricular requirements of the 1988 Education Reform Act, and the way in which the implementation of those requirements is monitored. 相似文献
199.
The present study examines the possible impact of drinking status on objective memory performance in older adults. Subjects were 214 seniors who were participating in a memory research project and had been screened for cognitive impairment. Cognitive measures included the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and the visual reproduction subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised. Drinking status classification (i.e., abstinent, past drinker, light drinker, moderate drinker, and problem drinker) was based on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores for the past year and report of past drinking history. Very few subjects were classified in the problem group, with the majority abstaining in the past year. Findings indicated that problem drinkers differed from moderate social drinkers on immediate visual memory, and also had a trend for more retroactive interference on the CVLT. There was no evidence that moderate social drinking (average 13.6 standard drinks) had an adverse impact on memory in this population. 相似文献
200.
Tony Milligan 《Philosophical Investigations》2007,30(2):156-171
Iris Murdoch holds that the best sort of life is a figurative death of the self. This figurative death is informed by an acceptance of real mortality. A recognition of mortality is supposed to help redirect our attention away from self and towards others. Yet these others are also mortal but (unlike the self) remain worthy of love, care and consideration. That is to say, the significance of mortality for Murdoch depends on whose mortality is at issue, whether it is the mortality of the self or of the other that is in question. My rejection of two ways of making sense of this self/other asymmetry is used to motivate the view that her attitude towards death requires a prior commitment to unselfing. And this is a problematic moral project. 相似文献