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211.
Seth G. Disner John E. McGeary Tony T. Wells Alissa J. Ellis Christopher G. Beevers 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2014,14(4):1259-1270
Genetic variation within the serotonin system has been associated with biased attention for affective stimuli and, less consistently, with vulnerability for major depressive disorder. In particular, 5-HTTLPR, HTR1A (rs6295), and HTR2A (rs6311) polymorphisms have been linked with biased cognition. The present study developed a serotonergic cumulative genetic score (CGS) that quantified the number of risk alleles associated with these candidate polymorphisms to yield a single CGS. The CGS was then used to model genetic influence on the relationship between reactivity to a negative mood induction and negatively biased cognition. A passive-viewing eye-tracking task was administered to 170 healthy volunteers to assess sustained attention for positive, dysphoric, neutral, and threatening scenes. Participants were then induced into a sad mood and readministered the passive-viewing task. Change in gaze bias, as a function of reactivity to mood induction, was the primary measure of cognitive vulnerability. Results suggest that, although none of the individual genes interacted with mood reactivity to predict change in gaze bias, individuals with higher serotonin CGS were significantly more likely to look toward dysphoric images and away from positive images as mood reactivity increased. These findings suggest that a CGS approach may better capture genetic influences on cognitive vulnerability and reaffirm the need to examine multilocus approaches in genomic research. 相似文献
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Reliability captures the influence of error on a measurement and, in the classical setting, is defined as one minus the ratio
of the error variance to the total variance. Laenen, Alonso, and Molenberghs (Psychometrika 73:443–448, 2007) proposed an axiomatic definition of reliability and introduced the R
T
coefficient, a measure of reliability extending the classical approach to a more general longitudinal scenario. The R
T
coefficient can be interpreted as the average reliability over different time points and can also be calculated for each
time point separately. In this paper, we introduce a new and complementary measure, the so-called R
Λ
, which implies a new way of thinking about reliability. In a longitudinal context, each measurement brings additional knowledge
and leads to more reliable information. The R
Λ
captures this intuitive idea and expresses the reliability of the entire longitudinal sequence, in contrast to an average
or occasion-specific measure. We study the measure’s properties using both theoretical arguments and simulations, establish
its connections with previous proposals, and elucidate its performance in a real case study.
The authors are grateful to J&J PRD for kind permission to use their data. We gratefully acknowledge support from Belgian
IUAP/PAI network “Statistical Techniques and Modeling for Complex Substantive Questions with Complex Data.” 相似文献
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Tony Cross 《新多明我会修道士》2006,87(1007):83-95
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Visual search and autism symptoms: What young children search for and co‐occurring ADHD matter 下载免费PDF全文
Brianna R Doherty Tony Charman Mark H Johnson Gaia Scerif the BASIS Team 《Developmental science》2018,21(5)
Superior visual search is one of the most common findings in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) literature. Here, we ascertain how generalizable these findings are across task and participant characteristics, in light of recent replication failures. We tested 106 3‐year‐old children at familial risk for ASD, a sample that presents high ASD and ADHD symptoms, and 25 control participants, in three multi‐target search conditions: easy exemplar search (look for cats amongst artefacts), difficult exemplar search (look for dogs amongst chairs/tables perceptually similar to dogs), and categorical search (look for animals amongst artefacts). Performance was related to dimensional measures of ASD and ADHD, in agreement with current research domain criteria (RDoC). We found that ASD symptom severity did not associate with enhanced performance in search, but did associate with poorer categorical search in particular, consistent with literature describing impairments in categorical knowledge in ASD. Furthermore, ASD and ADHD symptoms were both associated with more disorganized search paths across all conditions. Thus, ASD traits do not always convey an advantage in visual search; on the contrary, ASD traits may be associated with difficulties in search depending upon the nature of the stimuli (e.g., exemplar vs. categorical search) and the presence of co‐occurring symptoms. 相似文献