Effects of computer conferencing on the language use of emotionally disturbed adolescents

This study compared the computer-mediated communications among 18 severely disturbed adolescents with their small-group, face-to-face discussions. A content analysis was performed to explore psychological, interpersonal, and expressive differences between the two communication modes. The findings indicated that computer involvement tended to improve communication in these areas.     

Pr?dikative klassen

We consider certain predicative classes with respect to their bearing on set theory, namely on its semantics, and on its ontological power. On the one hand, our predicative classes will turn out to be perfectly suited for establishing a nice hierarchy of metalanguages starting from the usual set theoretical language. On the other hand, these classes will be seen to be fairly inappropriate for the formulation of strong principles of infinity. The motivation for considering this very type of classes is a reasonable philosophy of set theory. Familiarity is assumed only with basic concepts of both set theory and its philosophy.     

On the role of word frequency in the detection of component letters

The experiments reported in this study were conducted to explore the issue of race models versus holistic models of word processing. In both types of model, it is assumed that an available word-level encoding for a display will conceal letter information, and thereby inhibit component-letter detection. However, whereas in holistic models it is assumed that encoding always should occur at the word or pattern level first, in the race models it is assumed that encoding occurs at all levels (e.g., feature, letter, and word) simultaneously, with the final level of encoding being at whatever level has been completed first. If the rate of word-level encoding is facilitated by increasing word frequency, the holistic models predict a generally declining latency for letter detection, because the initial step in letter detection (i.e., word-level encoding) will be occurring more rapidly. The race models, on the other hand, predict that with increasing word frequency there will be an increasing chance that the word-level encoding will win the encoding race, resulting in an increase in the latency for letter detection (i.e., the word code will conceal the letter codes). Two experiments are reported, and the obtained pattern of latency data appears to be most consistent with the race models.     

National Ethics Advisory Bodies in the Emerging Landscape of Responsible Research and Innovation

The article examines the role played by policy advice institutions in the governance of ethically controversial new and emerging science and technology in Europe. The empirical analysis, which aims to help close a gap in the literature, focuses on the evolution, role and functioning of national ethics advisory bodies (EABs) in Europe. EABs are expert bodies whose remit is to issue recommendations regarding ethical aspects of new and emerging science and technology. Negative experiences with the impacts of science and technology in the past have resulted in calls for increased transparency and broader participation and pluralism in expert advice and policy decision-making. Do national EABs function as inclusive, anticipatory “hybrid forums”? Or do they resemble more “classical” expert-oriented bodies, inspired by technocratic or decisionist approaches? As part of the empirical analysis of the role and functioning of institutional ethical advisory structures in 32 European countries, an extensive analysis of EAB websites and the content of publicly available documents on such institutions has been carried out, supplemented by an online survey of representatives of the EABs. One major finding of the empirical analysis is the very uneven distribution of “hybrid forum” features of EABs across Europe.     

Prior and future withdrawal and performance: A meta-analysis of their relations in panel studies

While consensus exists among researchers that withdrawal and performance are related, the ordering of these constructs in proposed models frequently varies based on the theoretical focus of the study. Specifically, several extant well-being theories predict employee withdrawal will affect future performance while several turnover theories predict employee performance will affect future withdrawal. This study systematically addresses these complementary theories by conducting a meta-analysis of panel studies measuring both withdrawal and performance at two or more time periods. After accounting for sampling and measurement error, meta-analytic regression results indicate that performance is significantly negatively related to future withdrawal (ρ = − .19) even after accounting for prior withdrawal (β = − .03). However, the relationship between withdrawal and future performance (ρ = − .20) disappeared after accounting for prior performance (β = .00), although burnout did predict future performance even after accounting for prior performance (β = − .07).     

An Analysis of Natural Mentoring Relationship Profiles and Associations with Mentees’ Mental Health: Considering Links via Support from Important Others

We explored associations between natural mentoring relationship profiles and young adults’ life satisfaction and symptoms of depression via participants’ perceived support from important others accounting for participants’ perceived support and mental health prior to the onset of their natural mentoring relationships. Participants included 396 young adults (57 % female; mean age = 30.97, SD = .6), the majority of whom identified as Black or African American (79 % Black, 18 % White, 3 % Biracial). Most participants had completed high school but few participants (13 %) had completed degrees from 4 year institutions. We used a latent profile approach to identify natural mentoring relationship profiles and employed structural equation modeling to test our study hypotheses. Slightly over half of study participants (53 %) reported the presence of a natural mentor in their lives since the age of 14. Results suggest that natural mentoring relationships characterized by high levels of relational closeness and either extended relationship duration or frequent contact may promote improvements in psychological well-being among mentees over time via greater experiences of social support from important others.     

Being “Psychologically Held”: Separation and Reparation in the Parent-Child Relationship

In the context of child development, this article proposes that “asynchrony,” or brief separation from an attachment figure, is necessary for optimal, emotional growth toward attachment security. Emotional growth is seen as occurring through asynchrony and the repair process that follows. The authors propose to explore the notion of asynychrony in the context of emotional regulation and attachment theory and to relate it to the repair process. Furthermore, the authors plan to understand the possible effects of a lack of asynchrony as well as a loss of the repair process in the context of development. A child's capacity to experience asynchrony changes with development. A caregiver needs to maintain a balance between providing a holding environment and allowing a child to experience asynchrony in a developmentally appropriate way. The authors will address the role of the caregiver in the context of asynchrony and the repair process.