Factor structure of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale among children and adolescents who survived the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) and its applicability among Chinese children and adolescents, a study was conducted on two samples, the first, 1 month after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the second, 7 months after the earthquake. High levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were found among both groups of children. The results also showed a decline of intrusion and arousal symptoms in accordance with the different periods of time elapsed since the earthquake; however, no difference was found in the avoidance symptoms between the two samples. Both the subscales and the CRIES total showed moderate to good reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of CRIES supported the presumed three inter-correlated factors model. However, the results of the second sample (with more than 6 months elapsed subsequent to the earthquake) are more likely to support this model than those of the first sample. This study generally justifies the use of CRIES as a screening instrument for probable PTSD victims among children and adolescents exposed to horrible natural disasters in China. Limitations of the present study and directions for future research are also discussed.     

注意在随意编码自我参照效应中的作用

该研究采用随意编码的研究范式验证随意编码条件下自我参照效应产生的原因是否是自我积极偏差以及由自我积极偏差引起的注意。设计了2（参照条件：自我与他人）×2（形容词效价：积极与消极）的三个实验,分别是实验一效价与参照条件都是组内变量;实验二效价是组内变量,参照条件是组间变量;实验三效价是组间变量,参照条件是组内变量,三个实验结果均发现：自我参照条件下人格特质形容词的再认率显著高于他人参照条件;消极效价词的再认回忆率显著高于积极效价词;参照条件与形容词效价之间的交互作用不显著。结果说明,自我参照效应的发生不依赖于与他人参照条件的比较而产生;消极效应也不依赖于积极效价词的存在而发生;注意可能是随意编码条件下自我参照效应产生的原因。     

图书编辑人员胜任力素质测评的初步构建

胜任力素质测评问卷可以将某一职业中卓有成就者和表现一般者区分开采。结合心理学研究方法和人才测评方法,对我国图书编辑人员的胜任力素质做了深入研究。初步研究结果表明我国图书编辑人员胜任力素质可从专业素质、职业精神和人格特质三大方面来考察,这一研究结果将为我国图书编辑人员的人才选拔、评价和培养提供心理学及能力结构方面的科学依据。     

生涯观的儒家文化本位思想研究

在中国思想史上,不乏关于生涯和生涯发展的论述。本文以中国儒家思想体系的人生哲学和伦理学为核心,详细阐述了儒家学说的生涯意义、生涯探索、生涯发展能力、生涯发展阶段与任务以及生涯规划历程,并指出了生涯观儒家文化本位思想研究的发展方向。     

Cognitive obstacles against organ donation: The influence of negative attitudes,norms, and traditional beliefs on Chinese people's intention to donate organs after death

In China, the organ supply is severely insufficient to cover all people on the waiting list for donated organs, and numerous patients die awaiting transplant. To achieve a better understanding of cadaveric organ donation in Chinese culture, this study examined 300 Chinese adults, in both Fujian Province and Macao, regarding attitudes towards organ donation, subjective norms about organ donation and traditional beliefs about the body and death, examining the influences of these factors on respondents' donation intentions. Multiple hierarchical regression results suggest that more negative attitudes, unfavourable norms and traditional beliefs lead to lower donation intentions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Motivational orientations and task autonomy fit: effects on organizational attraction

The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is congruence between applicant needs (i.e., motivational orientations) and what is available (i.e., task autonomy) from an organizational perspective based on the fit between needs and supply. The fit between work motivation and task autonomy was examined to see whether it was associated with organizational attraction. This experimental study included two phases. Phase 1 participants consisted of 446 undergraduate students, of whom 228 were recruited to participate in Phase 2. The fit relations between task autonomy and intrinsic motivation and between task control and extrinsic motivation were characterized. Findings indicated that the fit between work motivation and task autonomy was positively associated with organizational attraction. Based on these results, it may be inferred that employers should emphasize job characteristics such as autonomy or control orientations to attract individuals, and focus on the most suitable work motivations for their organizations.     

Exploring the relationships between free-time management and boredom in leisure

The purpose of the study was to examine the relations of five dimensions of free-time management (including goal setting and evaluating, technique, values, immediate response, and scheduling) with leisure boredom, and whether these factors could predict leisure boredom. A total of 500 undergraduates from a university in southern Taiwan were surveyed with 403 usable questionnaires was returned. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that five dimensions of free-time management had significant negative relationships with leisure boredom. Furthermore, the results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that four dimensions of free-time management were significant contributors to leisure boredom. Finally, we suggested students can avoid boredom by properly planning and organizing leisure time and applying techniques for managing leisure time.     

New perspective on job burnout: exploring the root cause beyond general antecedents analysis

Previous studies of job burnout are discussed and three types of job burnout are presented and compared. Various studies of job burnout were reviewed in terms of participants, burnout situation, and root cause. Next, the framework of job burnout antecedents was reformulated, including characteristics of organizations, work, and individuals. Three types of job burnout-organizational weakness-caused burnout, work weakness-caused burnout, and individual characteristic-caused burnout-were posited based on the root causes contributing to job burnout. Finally, the three subcomponents of job burnout were compared on availability, concealment, universality, severity, duration, diffusibility, and changeability. Root causes of job burnout should be attended to in job burnout research and intervention programs.     

波函数的实在性分析

波函数是量子力学的核心概念。波函数的实在性问题一直是科学实在论与反实在论争论的焦点之一。20世纪上半叶量子力学研究主要是检验量子力学的理论是否正确或完备,仅有少量量子技术产品问世。1935年爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森(EPR)发表的《能认为量子力学对物理实在的描述是完备的吗?》一文,提出了EPR关联——量子纠缠,直接引发了对量子力学基本问题的论争。(Einstein,Podolsky and Rosen,pp.777-780)基于EPR量子纠缠,1993年本内特(Bennett)等6位科学家在《物理评论快报》发表题为《经由经典和EPR通道传送未知量子态》的重要论文,引发了一系列有关量子信息与量子技术的研究,形成了量子信息理论、量子控制论、量子技术等新的量子科技理论。量子纠缠     

Intelligence and Prosocial Behavior: Do Smart Children Really Act Nice?

Results of previous studies of the relationship between prosocial behavior and intelligence have been inconsistent. This study attempts to distinguish the differences between several prosocial tasks, and explores the ways in which cognitive ability influences prosocial behavior. In Study One and Two, we reexamined the relationship between prosocial behavior and intelligence by employing a costly signaling theory with four games. The results revealed that the prosocial level of smarter children is higher than that of other children in more complicated tasks but not so in simple tasks. In Study Three, we tested the moderation effect of the average intelligence across classes, and the results did not show any group intelligence effect on the relationship between intelligence and prosocial behavior.