情绪状态对大学生道德判断能力的影响

采用道德判断测验(MJT中文版),以300名大学生为被试,考察了情绪状态对大学生道德判断能力的影响。结果发现:(1)大学生道德判断能力的年级差异显著;(2)情绪状态对大学生道德判断能力具有显著影响,快乐状态下的道德判断能力高于悲伤状态,这与国外的研究结论正好相反;(3)道德判断任务的自我相关性对大学生道德判断能力的影响不显著。     

压抑者对情绪和非情绪自传体记忆的提取诱发遗忘

该实验考察了压抑应对方式,高焦虑和低焦虑三组被试对不同情绪性自传体记忆的提取诱发遗忘的差异。结果表明,与情绪性自传体记忆比较,被试能回忆出更多非情绪性自传体记忆;正性,负性和非情绪性自传体记忆均能得到显著的提取诱发遗忘,但是提取练习对正性和非情绪性事件的回忆率的促进弱于负性事件。压抑者的提取诱发遗忘效应要小于另外两组,且对于负性自传体记忆,压抑者没有产生提取诱发遗忘。     

Common Ground and Cultural Prominence: How Conversation Reinforces Culture

ABSTRACT— Why do well-known ideas, practices, and people maintain their cultural prominence in the presence of equally good or better alternatives? This article suggests that a social-psychological process whereby people seek to establish common ground with their conversation partners causes familiar elements of culture to increase in prominence, independently of performance or quality. Two studies tested this hypothesis in the context of professional baseball, showing that common ground predicted the cultural prominence of baseball players better than their performance, even though clear performance metrics are available in this domain. Regardless of performance, familiar players, who represented common ground, were discussed more often than lesser-known players, both in a dyadic experiment (Study 1) and in natural discussions on the Internet (Study 2). Moreover, these conversations mediated the positive link between familiarity and a more institutionalized measure of prominence: All-Star votes (Study 2). Implications for research on the psychological foundations of culture are discussed.     

城镇失业性贫困及家庭生存战略

本文以统计资料和参与观察的方法考察了中国城镇失业性贫困的状况和其生存特点,发现家庭成为国家应对城镇失业性贫困的重要工具和个人应对贫困的最后资源,这两者相互建构.正是以家庭为中介,底层社会维持了基本生存和社会稳定.本文建议政府的反城镇失业性贫困政策应以家庭发展战略替代家庭生存战略,注重使贫困家庭拥有广义资产.     

协商民主的路径——公共权力制约的民主选择

协商民主理论主张以沟通、交往的理性实践观来实现公民主体与权力主体的平等交流,强调通过讨论、交流、对话等方式培养交往主体的公共理性精神,实现政治民主.协商民主以理性对话的柔性机制,创新了对公共权力制约的民主形式,符合当代中国政治民主化转型时期社会稳定的需要,可以作为政治民主化改革的重要路径.     

略论1927-1937年南京市政府对秦淮空间的治理和改造

秦淮空间是具有悠久的历史文化和丰富意象的空间,随着社会的变迁,民国年间其面貌和文化内涵都发生重大的变化,以大众娱乐为主体的俗文化构成秦淮文化空间的主体,作为现代化明显标志的新政府机构-南京市政府成立伊始,便开始秦淮大众文化空间进行治理和改造,以塑造城市新的形象.     

Enhancing quality of life by shifting importance perception among life domains

The purpose of this study was to (1) construct an index to indicate the strength of a tendency to upgrade importance of life domains with lower have–want discrepancy and downgrade importance of life domains with larger have–want discrepancy for an individual (termed shifting tendency) and (2) use this index to test if shifting tendency has a positive correlation with global life satisfaction. The dataset was gain from Wu and Yao, 2006, Social Indicators Research, 79, 485–502), in which 332 undergraduate students at National Taiwan University participated in the survey. The mean age was 19.80 years (SD = 1.98). They completed a quality of life questionnaire, which contains 12 life domains. Satisfaction, importance and perceived have–want discrepancy were measured for 12 different life domains. Global life satisfaction was measured as well. Results showed that shifting tendency had a positive and significant correlation with average domain satisfaction and global life satisfaction. In addition, shifting tendency and have–want discrepancy had unique effects in predicting average domain satisfaction and global life satisfaction, suggesting that shifting tendency itself can contribute to a better QOL. The role of shifting tendency on QOL was discussed.     

基于分化/整合视角的自尊结构与心理调适的关系

研究采用中介性调节分析策略,探讨了大学生外显自尊、内隐自尊、自我概念清晰性和抑郁的关系.研究发现:外显自尊与抑郁呈显著负相关.内隐自尊调节着外显自尊和抑郁的关系;外显自尊与自我概念清晰性呈显著正相关,内隐自尊调节着外显自尊和自我概念清晰性的关系;外显自尊×内隐自尊对抑郁的效应是通过自我概念清晰性这一中介变量实现的.     

汉语儿童早期语音意识的发展

本研究采用四类语音意识任务(音节、首音、韵脚、声调)考察了幼儿园小中大班和小学一年级儿童的汉语语音意识发展的年龄特征和发展规律.研究结果表明,学前儿童的汉语语音意识已经开始发展,其中音节意识发展最早,其次是韵脚意识,声调意识和首音意识的发展相对较晚.     

顿悟脑机制的实验范式探索

在原型启发理论的指导下,以字谜作为实验材料对顿悟脑机制研究实验范式进行了探索.实验一采用"一对一"的"学习-测试"两阶段实验范式,发现学习原型字谜对解决目标字谜具有明显的促进作用,并创立了研究顿悟的新型材料--字谜库,建立了难度、原型启发率等指标体系,实验二采用"多对多"的实验范式,发现难度是有效的分类指标,该范式模拟了微观发生下的顿悟,并证明原型事件的激活有"平行加工"的趋势.